{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T13:26:47Z","timestamp":1791293207105,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Addict"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Extended\u2010release naltrexone (XR\u2010NTX) is an opioid antagonist effective for treating opioid use disorder (OUD). However, concerns about inadequate pain management may limit its use. This study will examine changes in pain intensity in OUD patients choosing XR\u2010NTX compared to opioid agonist treatment (OAT), identify subgroups with distinct pain intensity trajectories, and assess the effect of pain intensity on XR\u2010NTX treatment outcomes (retention, relapse, opioid use, and cravings).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This 24\u2010week study included OUD patients aged 18\u201365 years opting for XR\u2010NTX (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009160). Patients receiving OAT (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009151) served as controls. Pain intensity was measured every 4 weeks for XR\u2010NTX and at baseline and Week 24 for OAT using the numerical pain rating scale\u201011 (NPRS\u201011). Data were analyzed with linear mixed models and group\u2010based trajectory modeling.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Between baseline and Week 24, XR\u2010NTX participants with low to moderate pain showed a significant reduction in pain intensity, while those with high pain did not. In the OAT group, no significant reduction in pain intensity was observed (from baseline to Week 24). Pain intensity was not associated with XR\u2010NTX treatment outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Contrary to perception, XR\u2010NTX does not worsen pain intensity, nor did pain intensity affect XR\u2010NTX treatment outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Scientific Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study is the first to explore the association between changes in pain intensity and XR\u2010NTX treatment outcomes in OUD patients over a 24\u2010week period. The findings challenge the perception that XR\u2010NTX is less suitable for treating OUD patients with pain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.70035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T00:09:46Z","timestamp":1745885386000},"page":"528-535","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Pain intensity in patients using extended\u2010release naltrexone or opioid agonists and its effect on extended\u2010release naltrexone treatment outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6522-0473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farid","family":"Juya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Mental Health and Addiction Vestfold Hospital Trust T\u00f8nsberg Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4622-2947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristin K.","family":"Solli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Mental Health and Addiction Vestfold Hospital Trust T\u00f8nsberg Norway"},{"name":"Mental Health Services Akershus University Hospital L\u00f8renskog Norway"},{"name":"Center for Mental Health and Substance Abuse University of South\u2010Eastern Norway Drammen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Line","family":"Holtan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Mental Health and Addiction Vestfold Hospital Trust T\u00f8nsberg Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann\u2010Christin","family":"Sannes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Services Akershus University Hospital L\u00f8renskog Norway"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences Oslo Metropolitan University Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bente","family":"Weimand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Services Akershus University Hospital L\u00f8renskog Norway"},{"name":"Center for Mental Health and Substance Abuse University of South\u2010Eastern Norway Drammen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne G.","family":"Sagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences Oslo Metropolitan University Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u016brat\u0117 \u0160.","family":"Benth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine Campus Ahus, University of Oslo Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Health Services Research Unit Akershus University Hospital L\u00f8renskog Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Gjerstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Services Akershus University Hospital L\u00f8renskog Norway"},{"name":"School of Health Sciences Kristiania University College Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Tanum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Services Akershus University Hospital L\u00f8renskog Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine Campus Ahus, University of Oslo Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon","family":"Mordal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Mental Health and Addiction Vestfold Hospital Trust T\u00f8nsberg Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.13153"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ChouR DeyoR DevineB et al.The effectiveness and risks of long\u2010term opioid treatment of chronic pain.Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep).2014;(218):1\u2010219.doi:10.23970\/ahrqepcerta218","DOI":"10.23970\/AHRQEPCERTA218"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16574"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2005.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","unstructured":"WHO.International Standards for the Treatment of Drug Use Disorders: Revised Edition Incorporating Results of Field\u2010Testing.2020.https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/international-standards-for-the-treatment-of-drug-use-disorders"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration.Information About Medication\u2010Assisted Treatment (MAT).2024. 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