{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T03:37:17Z","timestamp":1784864237859,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,13]],"date-time":"2025-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752364800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Addict"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Opioid use disorder (OUD) imposes a significant socioeconomic burden, highlighting the need for new interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigated whether exposure to 5\u2010alpha reductase inhibitors (5\u03b1RIs) is associated with a lower risk of developing OUD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cohort study was conducted using Medicare data from 2017 to 2019. Male subjects identified as receiving at least one opioid medication were propensity score matched based on exposure to a 5\u03b1RI medication. The primary outcome of interest was a diagnosis of OUD occurring following opioid exposure. Additionally, the study compared the number of morphine milliequivalents (MME) and the count of opioid prescription claims between the groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We identified 467,399 subjects who had received at least one opioid prescription. Among these, 19,176 beneficiaries were receiving a 5\u03b1RI before opioid medication exposure and were matched 1:1 to non\u2010users. Use of 5\u03b1RI was associated with a reduced risk of OUD (OR\u2009=\u20090.63, 95% CI: 0.53\u20130.75). MME for subjects exposed to 5\u03b1RI was significantly lower than for those without 5\u03b1RI exposure (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the number of opioid prescription claims between the groups, with those taking a 5\u03b1RI having an average of 6.0 (SD\u2009=\u200910.1) prescriptions as compared to 6.7 (SD\u2009=\u200913.0) for those not receiving a 5\u03b1RI (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Scientific Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This first of its kind in humans study suggests that concomitant use of opioids and 5\u03b1RI is associated with a reduction in OUD and maybe a preventive therapy for patients at risk of OUD. Our findings align with animal models that have shown similar findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.70069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,13]],"date-time":"2025-07-13T13:08:26Z","timestamp":1752412106000},"page":"46-52","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["An exploratory analysis of 5\u2010alpha reductase inhibitors and risk of opioid use disorder among male Medicare beneficiaries receiving prescription opioid medications"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Abdelrahman G.","family":"Tawfik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyler","family":"Lister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ainhoa","family":"Gomez\u2010Lumbreras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randall T.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Bortolato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy University of Florida Gainsville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5006-9394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel C.","family":"Malone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","volume-title":"StatPearls [Internet]","author":"Dydyk AM","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002496"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr7103a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2016.1244529"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI143990"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138161211795049589"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20174294"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e3182549c2a"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1527-3458.2006.00053.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2011.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9110749"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2022.01.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pha0000507"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k3532"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e318169d03b"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2012.01450.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","unstructured":"National Center for Health Statistics.2020. 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