{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T04:43:12Z","timestamp":1781844192113,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]],"date-time":"2024-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Australas J Ageing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>The development of a dysphagia screening test is an urgent issue in the field of frailty prevention among community\u2010dwelling older people. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the screening performance of a 100\u2010mL water swallowing test (WST).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>The study employed a cross\u2010sectional design. Participants were 304 (65 men and 239 women, mean age\u2009=\u200980\u2009years) Japanese community\u2010dwelling older adults aged over 65\u2009years. We investigated swallowing disorder using the 10\u2010item Eating Assessment Tool (EAT\u201010), and compared choking signs, swallowing time and number of swallows, and their combination in the 100\u2010mL WST. We calculated the sensitivity and specificity of these indices. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the optimal cut\u2010off value of swallowing time and number of swallows in the 100\u2010mL WST based on the Youden Index among participants without choking signs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>The sensitivity and specificity of choking signs in the 100\u2010mL WST were 20% and 91%, respectively. The discriminating ability of swallowing time and number of swallows among participants without any choking signs was .76 and .72, respectively, in the area under the ROC curve. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity to discriminate dysphagia from normal swallowing ability were 65% and 74% when the cut\u2010off was >10\u2009s based on maximisation of the Youden Index. The 100\u2010mL WST performed best when the indices of choking signs and swallowing time were combined, with a sensitivity and specificity of 72% and 68%, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>The 100\u2010mL WST would be an adequate screening tool when compared to the EAT\u201010.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajag.13310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T00:13:44Z","timestamp":1711584824000},"page":"369-375","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Screening performance of a 100\u2010mL<\/scp> water swallowing test in community\u2010dwelling older adults: A receiver operating characteristic analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Kazumi","family":"Yamabe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NPO Nagasaki Expert Group of Dysphagia Sasebo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Nishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NPO Nagasaki Expert Group of Dysphagia Sasebo Japan"},{"name":"Sasebo\u2010Yoshii Community Comprehensive Support Center Sasebo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Nursing Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiko","family":"Ide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NPO Nagasaki Expert Group of Dysphagia Sasebo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Dementia Clinic Sasebo\u2010Chuo Hospital Sasebo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumihisa","family":"Honda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-008462","article-title":"Impact of physical frailty on disability in community\u2010dwelling older adults: a prospective cohort study","volume":"5","author":"Makizako H","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/ger.12347","article-title":"Oral hypofunction in the older population: position paper of the Japanese society of Gerodontology in 2016","volume":"35","author":"Minakuchi S","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gerodontology"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glx225","article-title":"Oral frailty as a risk factor for physical frailty and mortality in community\u2010dwelling elderly","volume":"73","author":"Tanaka T","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-014-0025-3","article-title":"Nutritional status and dysphagia risk among community\u2010dwelling frail older adults","volume":"18","author":"Takeuchi K","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/ger.12455","article-title":"Dysphagia is associated with oral, physical, cognitive, and psychological frailty in Japanese community\u2010dwelling elderly persons","volume":"37","author":"Nishida T","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gerodontology"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0140060","article-title":"Risk factors for aspiration pneumonia in older adults","volume":"10","author":"Manabe T","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12543","article-title":"Validity of the kihon checklist for assessing frailty status","volume":"16","author":"Satake S","year":"2016","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1159\/000348683","article-title":"Water\u2010swallowing test: screening for aspiration in stroke patients","volume":"35","author":"Osawa A","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.55.9.822","article-title":"A timed test of swallowing capacity for neurological patients","volume":"55","author":"Nathadwarawala KM","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg 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Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.12.002","article-title":"Prevalence of strokerelated sarcopenia and its association with poor oral status in post\u2010acute stroke patients: implications for oral sarcopenia","volume":"37","author":"Shiraishi A","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","article-title":"Development, reliability, and validity of a diagnostic algorithm for sarcopenic dysphagia","volume":"2","author":"Mori T","year":"2017","journal-title":"JCSM Clin Rep"}],"container-title":["Australasian Journal on 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