{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T16:34:15Z","timestamp":1791822855414,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784246400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Australas J Ageing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To review evidence on the type, characteristics and effect of digital health interventions (DHIs) on medication adherence among older people.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Articles were searched from inception to May 2025 in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science. Randomised and non\u2010randomised studies were included if they: involved older people aged 65\u2009years or older; applied any DHI(s); compared the intervention with a comparator group or baseline; and reported medication adherence as an outcome. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tools, and certainty of evidence using GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation). A narrative synthesis was conducted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 35 articles were included, most of which were randomised controlled trials (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200922). Risk of bias ranged from low to high, and certainty from very low to moderate. Nearly half of the studies (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200917) reported DHIs improved medication adherence compared with control or baseline. Mobile apps (3\/5), electronic reminders (3\/3), social assistive robots (1\/1), telenursing (1\/1) and combined DHIs (2\/2) showed the most promise. Interventions that used multiple functionalities or strategies to support behaviour change (reminders or prompts) were most likely to improve adherence. The other DHIs had mixed results or no significant effects.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While findings across DHIs varied, interventions incorporating tailored reminders, multicomponent features and interactivity may have the potential to be more effective in improving medication adherence among older adults. Further research is needed to identify usage patterns and investigate the factors underlying differences in effectiveness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajag.70206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T03:20:40Z","timestamp":1784344840000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Digital Health Interventions to Improve Medication Adherence Among Older Adults: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6655-1521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaleab Taye","family":"Haile","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences RMIT University  Bundoora Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1859-7699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wejdan","family":"Shahin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences RMIT University  Bundoora Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0075-4553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eyob Alemayehu","family":"Gebreyohannes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, College of Health Adelaide University  Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Optimisation of Medicines, School of Health and Clinical Sciences The University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8334-4305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdella Birhan","family":"Yabeyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Technology Sydney School of Public Health  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8292-3233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amina","family":"Hareem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences RMIT University  Bundoora Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6080-7223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mulugeta Hayelom","family":"Kalayou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, College of Health Adelaide University  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7351-5724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xun","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RMIT University School of Computing Technologies  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5208-1090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences RMIT University  Bundoora Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Optimisation of Medicines, School of Health and Clinical Sciences The University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/SHTT.S59498"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913\u2010023\u201010177\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2024.105330"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/19554"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999\u2010020\u201000313\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/18901"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/1541-6577.22.2.114"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022x.2025.2482885"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102125.2012.04167.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12616"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9740\/mhc.2025.04.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266\u2010025\u201001249\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916\u2010024\u201002135\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/00989134\u201020120509\u201001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20010803"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2026.106305"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13020364"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4258\/hir.2012.18.2.153"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102021\u2010060590"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/58013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028020950726"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906\u2010018\u20100886\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34172\/ija.2023.e6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/fmpcr.2023.132623"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4919"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","volume-title":"Automatic Tool for Risk of Bias in Non\u2010Randomised Studies of Interventions (ROBINS\u2010I)","author":"Huang X.","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1411"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.ad"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ebmed\u20102017\u2010110668"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2010.09.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soncn.2024.151692"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10783903231183918"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/07334648241236081"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/46151"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.14999"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.53976"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/65010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7573\/dic.2023\u20101\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520\u2010023\u201002562\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266\u2010023\u201001008\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08971900211004829"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096\u2010022\u201001389\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jnu.12622"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18553\/jmcp.2017.23.5.549"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12308"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","first-page":"e346","article-title":"Antidepressant Medication Adherence via Interactive Voice Response Telephone Calls","volume":"18","author":"Castle T.","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Managed Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2018.3189"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl\u20102013\u2010002284"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/0098\u20109134\u201019990801\u201004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/tmj.2009.0033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1945\u20101474.2004.tb00528.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2012.11258"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07317115.2012.657294"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2011.1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/jtt.2008.071213"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2013.00069"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.3269"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13459"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2016.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472\u20106947\u201013\u2010127"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1731"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","first-page":"655","article-title":"Effects of Customized Long\u2010Message Service and Phone\u2010Based Health\u2010Coaching on Elderly People With Hypertension","volume":"48","author":"Kim M.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/mhealth.7144"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746\u2010020\u201000325\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1533317512450066"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/jtt.2012.SFT108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwab106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/17015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/80000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1447747"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2020.104091"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/ppa.S388106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7812\/tpp\/18\u2010033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/29475"}],"container-title":["Australasian Journal on Ageing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ajag.70206","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ajag.70206","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ajag.70206","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T13:52:14Z","timestamp":1790344334000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ajag.70206"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ajag.70206"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ajag.70206","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1440-6381","1741-6612"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1440-6381","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-6612","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70206"}}