{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T14:06:23Z","timestamp":1790345183817,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":127,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784246400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Australas J Ageing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To systematically examine the prevalence of, and factors associated with, benzodiazepine, Z\u2010drug and melatonin use in Australian residential aged care facilities (RACFs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts were searched from January 2000 to February 2025 for studies reporting benzodiazepine, Z\u2010drug and\/or melatonin prevalence in Australian RACFs. Overall, regular and pro re nata (PRN) medication use was considered. Screening, data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two authors. The primary outcome was overall prevalence (regular and PRN) of benzodiazepines, Z\u2010drugs and\/or melatonin. Secondary outcomes included regular prevalence, PRN prevalence and medication class prevalence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fifty\u2010two studies (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009658,585 residents) were included. Overall prevalence of benzodiazepines and\/or Z\u2010drugs was 33% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 30.4%\u201334.7%, 30 studies) when assessed over periods from point prevalence to one\u2010year prevalence. Prevalence was highest when assessed using prescribing (35%) rather than dispensing (32%) or administration (28%) data. Findings were similar when limited to studies published in the last 10\u2009years (31%), studies of 100 or more residents (32%) and when excluding studies conducted in subsets of residents (33%). Benzodiazepine prevalence (35% [95% CI: 32.5%\u201336.9%], 24 studies) was higher than Z\u2010drug prevalence (0.4% [95% CI: 0.1%\u20131.1%], three studies). No published studies reported melatonin prevalence, and unpublished regular prevalence ranged 1%\u20139% (four studies).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One in three Australian residents in RACFs use benzodiazepines and\/or Z\u2010drugs. Targeted interventions are needed to ensure their use is consistent with evidence\u2010based practice and residents' clinical needs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajag.70210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T03:26:22Z","timestamp":1784345182000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence of Benzodiazepine, Z\u2010Drug and Melatonin Use in Australian Residential Aged Care Facilities: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2241-6779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuxing Joyce","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre for Medicine Use and Safety Monash University  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Simon","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre for Medicine Use and Safety Monash University  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6567-7693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annie M. L.","family":"Ea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre for Medicine Use and Safety Monash University  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6221-3757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingxuan","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre for Medicine Use and Safety Monash University  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ho","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre for Medicine Use and Safety Monash University  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faiza","family":"Hoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 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