{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T07:43:47Z","timestamp":1775979827010,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Asia-Pac J Clncl Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the utility and efficacy of a multifaceted protocol for the administration of intravesical bacillus Calmette\u2013Guerin (BCG) for non\u2010muscle\u2010invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A multicenter retrospective review was conducted among 83 patients undergoing Fremantle protocol intravesical BCG for NMIBC within 4 major hospitals in Western Australia between January 2016 and December 2018. The Fremantle protocol consists of weekly BCG instillations for 6 weeks during the induction phase, followed by monthly BCG instillations for 10 months during the maintenance phase with integrated clearance\u2010to\u2010proceed algorithms for urine MSU checks, flexible cystoscopies performed at 3 monthly intervals during maintenance BCG, and repeat GA cystoscopies with four quadrant bladder biopsies routinely obtained following the completion of induction and maintenance treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>For patients undergoing Fremantle protocol BCG, 98.8% (82\/83) and 75.9% (63\/83) of patients completed their induction and maintenance courses of BCG, respectively. Induction BCG was delivered over a median duration of 35 days (range 34\u201384 days), and maintenance BCG was delivered over a median duration of 266 days (range 1\u2013682 days). The tumor recurrence rate was 10.8% (9\/83) at the time of post\u2010induction biopsies, 2.4% (2\/83) during maintenance treatment, 0% (0\/60) at the time of post\u2010maintenance biopsies, and 8.8% (5\/57) after a median further follow\u2010up of 16 months (range 0\u201351 months).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Fremantle protocol appears to be a safe and effective BCG regimen with several advantages over other BCG protocols, including high completion rates, low recurrence rates, and being highly pragmatic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajco.13933","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T06:05:00Z","timestamp":1674194700000},"page":"697-705","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Fremantle protocol: Multicenter clinical outcomes for a pragmatic protocol for intravesical bacillus Calmette\u2013Guerin"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5430-729X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuok Liang","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fiona Stanley Hospital  Murdoch Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pravin","family":"Viswambaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fiona Stanley Hospital  Murdoch Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"McCombie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fiona Stanley Hospital  Murdoch Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Moe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fiona Stanley Hospital  Murdoch Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Goodwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital  Nedlands Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melvyn","family":"Kuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital  Nedlands Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tanya","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Perth Hospital  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mikhail","family":"Lozinskiy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Perth Hospital  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Dyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fiona Stanley Hospital  Murdoch Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4094-401X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dickon","family":"Hayne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fiona Stanley Hospital  Murdoch Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464\u2010410x.2001.02306.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022\u20105347(05)64273\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2019.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2007.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022\u20105347(02)80294\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2007.08.122"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2013.05.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)67707-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2012.10.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2017.1326889"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470\u20102045(05)70472\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2015.02.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885\u2010015\u20101431\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","unstructured":"Department of Health WA.Intravesical BCG Clinical Care Pathway: Department of Health WA 2011:16p.https:\/\/www.healthywa.wa.gov.au\/\u2010\/media\/Files\/Corporate\/general\u2010documents\/Health\u2010Networks\/WA\u2010Cancer\u2010and\u2010Palliative\u2010Care\/Cancer\/Intravesial\u2010BGD\u2010clinical\u2010care\u2010pathway.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2011.05.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1987.5.3.441"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2003.04764.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2015.02.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442\u20102042.2010.02584.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022\u20105347(05)66333\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464\u2010410X.2010.09891.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1078\u20101439(95)00041\u2010F"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19950115)75:2<552::AID-CNCR2820750219>3.0.CO;2-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199110243251703"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.13102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.13939"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12894\u2010016\u20100126\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2003.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2013.08.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)64044-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)00689-0"}],"container-title":["Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ajco.13933","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ajco.13933","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ajco.13933","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]],"date-time":"2023-11-21T23:17:28Z","timestamp":1700608648000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ajco.13933"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ajco.13933"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ajco.13933","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1743-7555","1743-7563"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1743-7555","type":"print"},{"value":"1743-7563","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-08-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-01-04","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-01-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}