{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T05:56:56Z","timestamp":1760162216495,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,23]],"date-time":"2023-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Asia-Pac J Clncl Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to report initial results of hypofractionated carbon\u2010ion radiotherapy (C\u2010ion RT) for inoperable upper tract ureteral cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective chart review was performed for five consecutive patients with medically inoperable ureter cancer that was treated with radical C\u2010ion RT between December 2013 and December 2014. The median age of the patients was 80 years (range, 68\u201384 years). The reasons for inoperability were advanced age, post\u2010contralateral nephrectomy, alcoholic cirrhosis, both advanced age and contralateral renal function degeneracy, and pneumonia. The median size of tumor was 2.8\u00a0cm (range, 2.2\u20134.0\u00a0cm). Diagnostic imaging did not identify lymph node metastases or distant metastases in any case. All patients underwent C\u2010ion RT (52.8\u00a0Gy relative biological effectiveness; 12 fractions in 3\u00a0weeks). The clinical target volume encompassed the growth tumor volume with a 5\u2010mm margin bilaterally; there was a 40\u2010mm margin craniocaudally but the clinical target volume did not encompass the whole ureter.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Within a median follow\u2010up time of 32.9 months (range, 24\u201336 months), two patients died and three remained alive. Neither local recurrence nor regional lymph node metastases were observed. Secondary bladder tumor was observed in four patients, and one patient had a liver metastasis. Grade 1 hematuria was observed in two patients, and Grade 3 pyelonephritis was observed in one patient as acute toxicity. Ureteral obstruction was observed in two patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>C\u2010ion RT might be a useful treatment option for inoperable ureter cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajco.13960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T05:01:45Z","timestamp":1682312505000},"page":"365-371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Carbon\u2010ion radiotherapy for inoperable upper tract ureteral cancer"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9332-5864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatsuji","family":"Mizukami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly University of Toyama  Toyama Japan"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Gunma University Graduate 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