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This can impact the patient's physical, emotional, and psychological well\u2010being, affecting treatment outcomes and quality of life. This study aims to determine the prevalence, severity, and risk factors of chemotherapy\u2010induced oral mucositis among adult cancer patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study was a cross\u2010sectional study conducted among adult cancer patients receiving chemotherapy at the cancer unit of Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital in southwestern Uganda. Data was collected through patient interviews, oral examinations, and patient chart reviews.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Out of 268 patients, 115 (42.9%) experienced oral mucositis. Grade 2 oral mucositis was the most common (44.3%) followed by grade 1 (35.7%) and grade 3 (20.0%). Independent risk factors of chemotherapy\u2010induced oral mucositis were female gender (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR)\u00a0=\u00a02.19, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.27\u20133.78; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010value\u00a0=\u00a00.005), poor oral hygiene (AOR\u00a0=\u00a03.70, 95% CI: 1.51\u20139.10; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010value\u00a0=\u00a00.04), and receiving chemotherapy containing an alkylating agent (AOR\u00a0=\u00a03.17, 95% CI: 1.63\u20136.19; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010value\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study found that two out of five chemotherapy patients developed oral mucositis, with nearly half being grade 2. The risk factors identified in our study were comparable to those reported in previous studies. Therefore, identification and assessment of cancer patients at high risk for chemotherapy\u2010induced oral mucositis should be routinely done for proper and timely management.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajco.14044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]],"date-time":"2023-12-27T03:25:00Z","timestamp":1703647500000},"page":"354-364","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Prevalence and risk factors of chemotherapy\u2010induced oral mucositis among adult cancer patients at the cancer unit of Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3257-1266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fredrick","family":"Atwiine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Mbarara University of Science and Technology  Mbarara Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julius","family":"Kyomya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Mbarara University of Science and Technology  Mbarara Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther C.","family":"Atukunda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Mbarara University of Science and Technology  Mbarara Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Isiiko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Mbarara University of Science and Technology  Mbarara Uganda"},{"name":"Cancer Unit Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital  Mbarara Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadele Mekuriya","family":"Yadesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Mbarara University of Science and Technology  Mbarara Uganda"},{"name":"Pharm\u2010Biotechnology and Traditional Medicine Center Mbarara University of Science and Technology  Mbarara Uganda"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Ishaka Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"RoxanneN.Cancer incidence continues to rise: 1 in 5 Men 1 in 6 women: Medscape.2018[cited March 15 2022]. 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