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Low\u2010and\u2010middle\u2010income countries (LMIC), such as India, experience a concerning upward trend in BC incidence, necessitating the implementation of cost\u2010effective screening methods. While mammography, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging are preferred screening modalities in resource\u2010rich settings, limited resources in LMICs make clinical breast examination (CBE) the method of choice. This review explores the merits of CBE, its coverage, barriers, and facilitators in the Indian context for developing strategies in resource\u2010constrained settings. CBE has shown significant down\u2010staging and cost\u2010effectiveness. Performed by trained health workers in minutes, CBE offers an opportunity for education about BC. Various individual and health system barriers, such as stigma, financial constraints, and the absence of opportunistic screening hinder CBE coverage. Promising facilitators include awareness programs, capacity building, and integrating CBE through universal health care. No healthcare provider must miss any screening opportunity through CBE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajco.14126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]],"date-time":"2024-09-29T12:23:24Z","timestamp":1727612604000},"page":"690-699","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Clinical breast examination: A screening tool for lower\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7856-8059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Divya","family":"Khanna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Oncology Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Cancer Centre (MPMMCC) and Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital (HBCH) Tata Memorial Centres Varanasi India"},{"name":"Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI) Navi Mumbai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priyanka","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atul","family":"Budukh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI) Navi Mumbai India"},{"name":"Centre for Cancer Epidemiology (CCE) Advance Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC) Tata Memorial Centre (TMC) Navi Mumbai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajay Kumar","family":"Khanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery Institute of Medical Sciences Banaras Hindu University Varanasi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1470\u20102045(18)30447\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmp0708307"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100985"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajco.12661"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055\u20109965.epi\u201014\u20101286"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1206809"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055\u20109965.epi\u201004\u20100932"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101982"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.11661"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/m18\u20102147"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India.Operational Framework Management of Common Cancers.2016. 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