{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T09:34:57Z","timestamp":1769247297527,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769040000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Asia-Pac J Clncl Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to classify patients with gastric cancer (GC) based on neutrophil extracellular trap (NET)\u2010related gene expression and to develop a prognostic risk score model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Utilizing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)\u2013stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) cohort, we performed univariate Cox regression analysis followed by K\u2010means clustering to stratify GC samples into two NET\u2010related subtypes (C1 and C2), and then the survival analysis and immune cell infiltration analysis were performed between these subtypes. Next, to further investigate the prognostic significance of NET\u2010related features, we developed a risk score model using LASSO Cox regression analysis, and survival analysis was then conducted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ten prognostic NET\u2010related genes were identified, distinguishing two GC subtypes; compared with the C1 subtype, the C2 subtype demonstrated significantly poorer clinical outcomes. Furthermore, the C2 subtype exhibited elevated TIDE scores, along with enhanced infiltration of immunosuppressive cell populations, including regulatory T cells, macrophages, and myeloid\u2010derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Next, we constructed a six\u2010gene risk score model (MPO, BST1, IL6, KCNJ15, SELP, and ELANE) derived from the aforementioned 10 NET\u2010related genes. This risk score model may serve as an independent prognostic indicator for GC patients, with the high\u2010risk group showing markedly reduced survival rates. Notably, the poor\u2010prognosis C2 subtype was associated with a higher risk score compared to the C1 subtype.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NET\u2010related genes are useful for categorizing GC samples into different subtypes and potentially playing significant roles in forecasting prognosis and guiding immunotherapy in GC. Furthermore, the six\u2010gene risk model may aid in personalized prognosis prediction for GC patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajco.70065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T03:37:03Z","timestamp":1769139423000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Identification of Gastric Cancer Subtypes Based on Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Related Genes"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Heng","family":"Zhai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Zibo Central Hospital  Zibo Shandong Province People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sen","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ward Area of Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, East Campus Zibo Central Hospital  Zibo Shandong Province People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saili","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ward Area of E.N.T. Department, East Campus Zibo Central Hospital  Zibo Shandong Province People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Zibo Central Hospital  Zibo Shandong Province People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianliin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ward Area of Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, East Campus Zibo Central Hospital  Zibo Shandong Province People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zihua","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Zibo Central Hospital  Zibo Shandong Province People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"26","article-title":"Epidemiology of Gastric Cancer: Global Trends, Risk Factors and Prevention","volume":"14","author":"Rawla P.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Przeglad Gastroenterologiczny"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4251\/wjgo.v4.i7.156"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.21037\/tgh.2020.01.02","article-title":"Diffuse Gastric Cancer: Histologic, Molecular, and Genetic Basis of Disease","volume":"5","author":"Iyer P.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Translational Gastroenterology Hepatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"316","article-title":"Invasion and Metastases in Gastric Cancer: In Vitro and In Vivo Models With Clinical Correlations","volume":"23","author":"Schwartz G. K.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Seminars in Oncology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.07.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-023-01451-3","article-title":"Gastric Cancer Treatment: Recent Progress and Future Perspectives","volume":"16","author":"Guan W. L.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Hematology & Oncology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1201719"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","first-page":"1178","article-title":"NETosis: Molecular Mechanisms, Role in Physiology and Pathology","volume":"85","author":"Vorobjeva N. V.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-013-0384-6"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2021.4960","article-title":"Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Promote Gastric Cancer Metastasis by Inducing Epithelial\u2011Mesenchymal Transition","volume":"48","author":"Zhu T.","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Medicine"},{"issue":"16","key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.128008","article-title":"Primary Tumors Induce Neutrophil Extracellular Traps With Targetable Metastasis Promoting Effects","volume":"4","author":"Rayes R. F.","year":"2019","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1724","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.119.312463","article-title":"Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: Villains and Targets in Arterial, Venous, and Cancer\u2010Associated Thrombosis","volume":"39","author":"Thalin C.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/s40164-022-00345-3","article-title":"The Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Cancer Progression, Metastasis and Therapy","volume":"11","author":"Chen Y.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Experimental Hematology and Oncology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v033.i01"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/omi.2011.0118"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-016-1028-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1019967","article-title":"A Novel Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Signature to Predict Prognosis and Immunotherapy Response in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma","volume":"13","author":"Li Q.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gassur.2024.07.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.01124"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.3AB0815-379RR"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.584116","article-title":"Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fluid Neutrophils Drive Inflammation Through Production of Chemokines Reactive Oxygen Species, and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps","volume":"11","author":"Wright H. L.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.29842"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28492-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1558496","article-title":"Integrated Multiomics Analysis and Machine Learning Refine Neutrophil Extracellular Trap\u2010Related Molecular Subtypes and Prognostic Models for Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"16","author":"Zhong F.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2024.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2025.103696"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00175.2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2024.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","first-page":"94","article-title":"An Exploration of Charge Compensating Ion Channels Across the Phagocytic Vacuole of Neutrophils","volume":"8","author":"Foote J. R.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.12.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-024-02206-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2022.2052418","article-title":"Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Induce Tumor Metastasis Through Dual Effects on Cancer and Endothelial Cells","volume":"11","author":"Jiang Z.\u2010Z.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1075260"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2023.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-0205-z","article-title":"Tumor\u2010Induced Neurogenesis and Immune Evasion as Targets of Innovative Anti\u2010Cancer Therapies","volume":"5","author":"Cervantes\u2010Villagrana R. D.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.785222"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2024.217098"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.110235"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/ceji.2023.126773"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2019.08.022"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2018.01.049","article-title":"Platelets, NETs and Cancer, supplement","volume":"164","author":"Cedervall J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thrombosis Research"}],"container-title":["Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ajco.70065","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ajco.70065","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ajco.70065","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T03:37:15Z","timestamp":1769139435000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ajco.70065"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ajco.70065"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ajco.70065","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1743-7555","1743-7563"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1743-7555","type":"print"},{"value":"1743-7563","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-06-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"ajco.70065"}}