{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T03:57:39Z","timestamp":1790567859922,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790467200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Asia-Pac J Clncl Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Radiotherapy (RT) is the primary treatment for non\u2010metastatic nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). While intensity\u2010modulated RT (IMRT) is preferred in wealthy regions, three\u2010dimensional conformal RT (3D\u2010CRT) remains common in resource\u2010limited settings. This study evaluated IMRT versus 3D\u2010CRT for NPC, focusing on survival, tumor control, and toxicities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This retrospective cohort study, performed at the Cancer Institute of Iran from 2007 to 2024, assessed individuals with non\u2010metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Demographic data, treatment details, recurrence rates, metastasis, and survival information were obtained from medical records and follow\u2010up telephone interviews. Complications associated with treatment were classified according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v5.0 (2017). Statistical studies were conducted utilizing R software, accompanied with a\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010value.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 176 patients were enrolled, with 124 receiving 3D\u2010CRT and 52 receiving IMRT. IMRT was associated with a significantly reduced incidence of dysphagia and with reduced severity of trismus, dysphagia, xerostomia, and hearing impairment. No significant differences were observed in the incidence or severity of neck stiffness or oral mucositis between the two groups. Concerning treatment results, no statistically significant differences were seen in disease\u2010free survival or metastasis\u2010free survival. The overall survival exhibited a non\u2010significant trend favoring IMRT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IMRT markedly diminishes several treatment\u2010associated complications in comparison to 3D\u2010CRT; however, it does not provide a definitive survival advantage yet. Extended follow\u2010up and prospective investigations are necessary to elucidate the disparities in long\u2010term efficacy between the two approaches.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Trial Registration<\/jats:bold>\n                      : Not applicable\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajco.70196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T03:54:30Z","timestamp":1790567670000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Treatment Outcomes in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Treated With Intensity\u2010Modulated Radiotherapy Versus 3D\u2010Conformal Radiotherapy Techniques: A Single\u2010Center Experience in a Developing Country"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Pooria","family":"Mousavi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Cancer Institute IKHC Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Kazemian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Cancer Institute IKHC Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehsan","family":"Saraee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Oncology Research Center Cancer Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahdi","family":"Aghili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Oncology Research Center Cancer Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran 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Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milad","family":"Payandeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Cancer Institute IKHC Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammadreza","family":"Firouzifar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farrokh","family":"Heidari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marzieh","family":"Lashkari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Oncology Research Center Cancer Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran 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N.","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_15_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2007.07.009","article-title":"Dysphagia Disorders in Patients With Cancer of the Oropharynx Are Significantly Affected by the Radiation Therapy Dose to the Superior and Middle Constrictor Muscle: A Dose\u2010Effect Relationship","volume":"85","author":"Levendag P. C.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Radiotherapy and Oncology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_15_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2008.02.061","article-title":"Treatment Techniques and Site Considerations Regarding Dysphagia\u2010Related Quality of Life in Cancer of the Oropharynx and Nasopharynx","volume":"72","author":"Teguh D. 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A.","year":"2001","journal-title":"International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_15_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2012.08.013","article-title":"A Prospective, Randomized Study Comparing Outcomes and Toxicities of Intensity\u2010modulated Radiotherapy vs. conventional Two\u2010Dimensional Radiotherapy for the Treatment of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma","volume":"104","author":"Peng G.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiotherapy and Oncology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_15_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.11.002","article-title":"Treatment Outcomes and Late Complications of 849 Patients With Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Treated With Radiotherapy Alone","volume":"62","author":"Yeh S.\u2010A.","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_15_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7693","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-87170-6","article-title":"Radiation\u2010Induced Acute Injury of Intensity\u2010Modulated Radiotherapy versus Three\u2010Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy in Induction Chemotherapy Followed by Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy for Locoregionally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Prospective Cohort Study","volume":"11","author":"Yao Z.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_15_28_1","first-page":"E905","article-title":"Toxicity of Concomitant Cetuximab and Radiotherapy With or Without Initial Taxane\u2010Based Induction Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer","volume":"38","author":"Levy A.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Head & Neck"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_15_29_1","first-page":"E1481","article-title":"Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial to Compare 3\u2010Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy to Intensity\u2010modulated Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Long\u2010term Results","volume":"38","author":"Ghosh\u2010Laskar S.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Head & Neck"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_15_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-019-01534-6","article-title":"Improved Treatment Outcome and Lower Skin Toxicity With Intensity\u2010Modulated Radiotherapy vs. 3D Conventional Radiotherapy in Anal Cancer","volume":"196","author":"Sauter M.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Strahlentherapie und Onkologie"},{"issue":"25","key":"e_1_2_15_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2735","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.54.6309","article-title":"Phase III Randomized Trial of Induction Chemotherapy in Patients With N2 or N3 Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer","volume":"32","author":"Cohen E. E. W.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Oncology"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_15_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0200137","article-title":"Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analyses of Intensity\u2010Modulated Radiation Therapy versus Conventional Two\u2010Dimensional and\/or Three\u2010Dimensional Radiotherapy in Curative\u2010Intent Management of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma","volume":"13","author":"Gupta T.","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_15_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-016-0959-y","article-title":"IMRT vs. 2D\u2010Radiotherapy or 3D\u2010Conformal Radiotherapy of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma","volume":"192","author":"Moon S. 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W. M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiotherapy and Oncology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_15_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-003-0100-0","article-title":"Intensity\u2010Modulated Radiotherapy for Carcinoma of the Head and Neck","volume":"5","author":"Pe\u00f1agar\u00edcano J. A.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Current Oncology Reports"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_15_43_1","first-page":"241","article-title":"Comparisons of Quality of Life for Patients With Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma After Treatment With Different RT Technologies","volume":"34","author":"Jang\u2010Chun L.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_15_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2013.5988","article-title":"Quality of Life Among Long\u2010Term Survivors of Head and Neck Cancer Treated by Intensity\u2010Modulated Radiotherapy","volume":"140","author":"Chen A. 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