{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T08:57:41Z","timestamp":1780563461930,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,3]],"date-time":"2016-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background\/Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Keratinocyte death is a hallmark of Stevens\u2013Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS\/TEN). Apoptotic signal\u2010associated cytokines, such as TNF\u2010\u03b1, sFasL, granulysin, sTRAIL and IFN\u2010\u03b3 have been reported to participate in keratinocyte apoptosis. However, their levels are variable, which hampers the elucidation of the role of these cytokines. We sought to determine whether cytokine levels vary with disease course.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The serum cytokine levels of 24 patients and blister fluid of 10 were analysed by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay on the first day of their admission to hospital and were evaluated at different time points in the disease course. Meanwhile, surface markers (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD1a, CD14, CD16+56 and CD68) of blister fluid cells were measured by flow cytometry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The concentrations of all cytokines in the serum and blister fluid were higher than those in the controls and were more elevated in the blister fluid than in the serum. Moreover, sTRAIL, IFN\u2010\u03b3 and TNF\u2010\u03b1 quantities were relatively stable, while those of sFasL and granulysin decreased rapidly in the disease course. On the first day, CD8+ T and natural killer cells were predominant in the blister fluid but their relative percentage diminished gradually, while that of CD14+ cells increased.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study confirmed there are high but variable levels of these cytokines in SJS\/TEN, especially in the early phase and different tendencies are manifested in the disease course.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.12462","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,4]],"date-time":"2016-04-04T03:21:39Z","timestamp":1459740099000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Variable levels of apoptotic signal\u2010associated cytokines in the disease course of patients with Stevens\u2013Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Yongsheng","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Huashan Hospital Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Huashan Hospital Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Huashan Hospital Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanyun","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Huashan Hospital Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinran","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Huashan Hospital Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohua","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Huashan Hospital Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqun","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Huashan Hospital Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Huashan Hospital Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinhua","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Huashan Hospital Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1993.01680220104023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31821201ed"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.04.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0b013e328355b865"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Toxic epidermal necrolysis: revisiting the tentative link between early apoptosis and late necrosis (review)","volume":"19","author":"Paquet P","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. 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