{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T17:42:45Z","timestamp":1790358165353,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,21]],"date-time":"2019-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background\/Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Merkel cell carcinoma is an aggressive neuroendocrine skin cancer. Australian studies report high incidence and poor survival rates compared internationally. While New Zealand has a comparable <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content> index and racial composition to Australia, survival outcomes are currently unknown. The role of Merkel cell polyoma virus in oncogenesis of Merkel cell carcinoma is an active area of research. We describe the incidence and survival of Merkel cell carcinoma in New Zealand with correlation to demographic and clinical factors including regional polyoma virus prevalence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective study of population\u2010based data from the New Zealand Cancer Registry. Incidence rates were directly standardised to the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content> standard 2000 population. Survival was investigated using Kaplan\u2013Meier and multivariable Cox regression models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Six hundred and one cases were diagnosed in New Zealand between 2000 and 2015. The overall incidence rate was 0.96\/100\u00a0000 population. Merkel cell carcinoma is more common in males, elderly and on sun\u2010exposed areas. Eighteen percent of patients were diagnosed with distant metastasis at time of presentation. The overall 5\u2010year survival rate and relative 5\u2010year survival rate were 31% and 45%, respectively. Mortality was 1.9 and 2.5 times higher for stage <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IV<\/jats:styled-content> disease, respectively, relative to stage I\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> disease. Patients over age 80 had twice the mortality compared to those aged 60\u201369.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>New Zealand has a high incidence of Merkel cell carcinoma and poor survival outcomes when compared internationally. We have the highest proportion of distant metastatic disease at time of diagnosis. Further research into the role of nonpolyoma\u2010related Merkel cell carcinoma is warranted to improve Merkel cell carcinoma outcomes in New Zealand and abroad.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.13023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,22]],"date-time":"2019-03-22T01:34:09Z","timestamp":1553218449000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Epidemiology and survival of Merkel cell carcinoma in New Zealand: A population\u2010based study between 2000 and 2015 with international comparison"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3350-3301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Auckland Regional Plastic, Reconstructive &amp; Hand Surgery Unit Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auckland Regional Plastic, Reconstructive &amp; Hand Surgery Unit Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christin","family":"Coomarasamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Counties Manukau District Health Board Biostatistics Research Office Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7755-9086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jon A","family":"Mathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auckland Regional Plastic, Reconstructive &amp; Hand Surgery Unit Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"University of Auckland School of Medicine Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12376"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10493.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2014.124"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13698"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000313481508100819"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13869"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13782"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2010.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2011.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1152586"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.16903"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2008.229"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2010.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djq120"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","unstructured":"UV radiation in the melanoma capital of the world: What makes New Zealand so different?2017;1810:020003."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-010-0985-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","unstructured":"New Zealand Census Data: Statistics New Zealand. Available from URL:https:\/\/www.stats.govt.nz\/topics\/census. (Accessed 28 February 2019.)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","unstructured":"New Zealand Total Population: Human Mortality Database University of California Berkeley and INED Paris and Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research. Available from URL:https:\/\/www.mortality.org\/cgi-bin\/hmd\/country.php?cntr=NZL&level=2. (Accessed 28 February 2019.)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(03)02108-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2009.01370.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.10.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.02.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2010.04.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djp139"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2008.198"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2009.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2532"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2009.01352.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2016.10.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfp334"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","unstructured":"Cancer Patient Survival: 1994 to 2011: Ministry of Health NZ. Available from URL:https:\/\/www.health.govt.nz\/system\/files\/documents\/publications\/cancer-patient-survival-1994-2011-apr15-v2.pdf. (Accessed 14 April 2015.)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyp392"}],"container-title":["Australasian Journal of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ajd.13023","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ajd.13023","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ajd.13023","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T15:51:04Z","timestamp":1694188264000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ajd.13023"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,21]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ajd.13023"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ajd.13023","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-8380","1440-0960"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-8380","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-0960","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-11-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-02-16","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-03-21","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}