{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T14:59:30Z","timestamp":1787497170674,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]],"date-time":"2020-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The extent and disease severity, duration and other associated prognostic cofactors in vitiligo in adults may vary with the age of onset (before or after 10 years of age).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare extent and disease severity, duration and other cofactors in adults with early\u2010onset and late\u2010onset vitiligo.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The medical records of 408 (M:F 1:1.1) adults aged 20\u201275\u00a0years diagnosed with vitiligo between January 2016 and December 2019 were examined retrospectively. The extent and severity of vitiligo were defined. Characteristics of vitiligo with early onset and late onset were compared statistically and odds ratios calculated for risk assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      31 (7.6%, M:F 1:2.4) patients had early\u2010onset vitiligo, and 377 (92.4%, M:F 0.8:1) patients had later\u2010onset vitiligo. Compared to late onset, patients with early\u2010onset vitiligo had a significant number of males (71%\n                      <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      45.9%), higher percentages of body surface area involvement and moderate to extremely severe disease (29%\n                      <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      10.6%), longer duration of disease (41.9%\n                      <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      9%), Koebner\u2019s phenomenon (48.4%\n                      <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      15.6%) and halo nevus (9.7%\n                      <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      1.9%). Differences between the two groups were not significant for types of vitiligo, family history of vitiligo and presence of cutaneous and systemic\/autoimmune diseases.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The adults, males in particular, with generalised vitiligo (&gt;10% BSA involvement) appear to have an early onset and a prolonged clinical course. The presence of Koebner\u2019s phenomenon and halo nevus in patients with early\u2010onset vitiligo was other poor prognostic factors compared to patients with late\u2010onset vitiligo. The retrospective, hospital\u2010based cross\u2010sectional design and small sample size for stratification remain major limitations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.13417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]],"date-time":"2020-08-28T01:56:22Z","timestamp":1598579782000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Adults with a more extensive body involvement, moderate to extremely severe vitiligo and a prolonged clinical course have an early onset in childhood in addition to other prognostic factors as compared to individuals with later\u2010onset vitiligo"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0537-4066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vikram K","family":"Mahajan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology &amp; Leprosy Dr. Rajendra Prasad Govt. 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