{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T05:22:25Z","timestamp":1768454545635,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The risk of life\u2010threatening major cardiovascular outcomes among patients with bullous pemphigoid (BP) is inconsistent in the current literature.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the risk and prognostic outcomes of myocardial infarction (MI), cerebrovascular accident (CVA), peripheral vascular disease (PVD) and pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients with BP. We additionally aimed to explore the influence of different therapeutic approaches on the risk of these outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A population\u2010based retrospective cohort study was conducted to compare BP patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093924) with age\u2010, gender\u2010 and ethnicity\u2010matched control subjects (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200919,280) with regard to incident cases of MI, CVA, PVD and PE. Adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by multivariate Cox regression analysis. Data were retrieved from Clalit Health Services' computerized database.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Relative to their matched controls, patients with BP were at an elevated risk of MI (fully\u2010adjusted HR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.14\u20131.81; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002), CVA (fully\u2010adjusted HR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.06\u20131.45; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.007), PVD (fully\u2010adjusted HR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.27\u20132.03; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003) and PE (fully\u2010adjusted HR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.28\u20132.32; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.008). Patients with BP experienced heightened risk of all\u2010cause mortality in the presence of comorbid MI (fully\u2010adjusted HR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.44\u20131.81; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), CVA (fully\u2010adjusted HR: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.52\u20131.89; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), PVD (fully\u2010adjusted HR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.20\u20131.58; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and PE (fully\u2010adjusted HR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.10\u20131.88; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.007). The therapeutic approach utilized to manage BP did not significantly influence the risk of cardiovascular outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>BP is associated with an elevated risk of MI, CVA, PVD, PE and cardiovascular mortality. Primary, secondary and tertiary cardiovascular prevention measures should be implemented among patients with BP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.14355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T10:34:59Z","timestamp":1722508499000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The cardiovascular risk in bullous pemphigoid: Insights from a population\u2010based study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9971-9151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khalaf","family":"Kridin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Dermatology and Skin Research Laboratory Galilee Medical Center  Nahariya Israel"},{"name":"Azrieli Faculty of Medicine Bar\u2010Ilan University  Safed Israel"},{"name":"L\u00fcbeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of L\u00fcbeck  Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rina","family":"Goychberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Azrieli Faculty of Medicine Bar\u2010Ilan University  Safed Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mouhammad","family":"Kridin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clalit Health Services  Tel\u2010Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niv","family":"Kafri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Azrieli Faculty of Medicine Bar\u2010Ilan University  Safed Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masad","family":"Barhoum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Azrieli Faculty of Medicine Bar\u2010Ilan University  Safed Israel"},{"name":"Galilee Medical Center  Nahariya Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arnon 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