{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T10:08:54Z","timestamp":1758708534796},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,13]],"date-time":"2012-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1347494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serpins (serine protease inhibitors) are associated with protection against <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection. Here, we characterized mucosal serpin expression in the genital tract of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> highly exposed sero\u2010negative (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HESN<\/jats:styled-content>) women meeting our epidemiological definition of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> resistance in relation to epidemiological variables.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cervicovaginal lavage (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVL<\/jats:styled-content>) fluid and plasma were collected from 84 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010resistant, 54 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010uninfected, and 66 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected female commercial sex workers. Serpin <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>1 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>3 concentrations were measured by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELISA<\/jats:styled-content> and compared with clinical information.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mucosal serpin <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>1 was elevated during proliferative phase over secretory phase (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.017*), while A3 remained similar (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.25). Plasma and mucosal serpin <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>1\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>3 levels were not associated with each other and appeared compartment specific (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.21, <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.056). Serpin A1\/A3 expression did not associate with age (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.009, <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.06), duration of sex work (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.13, <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.10), clients per day (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.11, <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.02), concurrent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STI<\/jats:styled-content>s (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.36, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.15), but was lower in women using hormonal contraceptives (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.034, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.008). Mucosal serpin <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>1\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>3 levels in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected individuals were not significantly different with disease status as determined by plasma <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010cell counts (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.94, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.30).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study shows the relationship of serpins to the menstrual cycle and hormonal contraceptives, as well as their independence to epidemiological sexual confounders. This information provides a broader understanding of innate components of the mucosal immune system in women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,13]],"date-time":"2012-09-13T04:39:38Z","timestamp":1347511178000},"page":"64-72","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Mucosal Serpin A1 and A3 Levels in <scp>HIV<\/scp> Highly Exposed Sero\u2010Negative Women are Affected by the Menstrual Cycle and Hormonal Contraceptives but are Independent of Epidemiological Confounders"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Syeda","family":"Rahman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rasheda","family":"Rabbani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manitoba Institute of Child Health Winnipeg MB 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