{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T17:35:25Z","timestamp":1791135325406,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,18]],"date-time":"2012-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1350518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Problem<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SIV<\/jats:styled-content> model indicates that upon traversing the cervicovaginal mucosa, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SIV<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected cells migrate to regional lymph nodes where active replication occurs prior to systemic virus dissemination. The purpose of the study is to develop a model to study early <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 transmission events that occur after crossing the cervical mucosa into regional lymph nodes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods of study<\/jats:title><jats:p>We developed an organ culture model combining intact cervical tissue explants and tonsil tissue cells as the surrogate draining lymphoid tissue. Viral replication was measured by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 p24 production, quantification of viral <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> and viral <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> expression in tonsil cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this combined organ culture model, transmission of cell\u2010free and cell\u2010associated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>5\u2010 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">X<\/jats:styled-content>4\u2010tropic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 through the cervical mucosa to tonsilar cells was observed as determined by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 p24 in culture supernatant, and the presence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 proviral <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 p24 gag protein in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>11c<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>68<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells, and expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> expressing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>45RO<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content> cells in tonsil cells. Furthermore, co\u2010receptor usage of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 in tonsil cells correlated with inoculating virus tropism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our combined cervix\u2013tonsil organ culture could serve as an experimental model to study the earliest stages of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 transmission through cervicovaginal mucosa to its proximal lymph nodes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,18]],"date-time":"2012-10-18T21:54:50Z","timestamp":1350597290000},"page":"52-63","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Study of <scp>HIV<\/scp>\u20101 Transmission across Cervical Mucosa to Tonsil Tissue Cells using an Organ Culture"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Jackeline","family":"Soto\u2010Rivera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce K.","family":"Patterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengli","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deena","family":"Ratner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashwin","family":"Tumne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phalguni","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"UNAIDS\/WHO.Global Summary of AIDS Epidemic 2008.2008[cited; 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