{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T02:54:47Z","timestamp":1776308087404,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,22]],"date-time":"2012-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1353542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Problem<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study was to determine whether peripheral <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>reg\u2010cell percentages were altered in women with reproductive failure after artificial insemination by donor sperm (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AID<\/jats:styled-content>) and which parameters can best discriminate women with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AID<\/jats:styled-content> failure and normal controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method of study<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective case\u2013control study of 20 fertile controls and 20 patients undergoing more than four treatment cycles with negative pregnancy test (Group I), 20 experiencing biochemical pregnancy loss (Group II), and 20 undergoing missed abortion or spontaneous miscarriage (Group III) was performed. The peripheral percentages of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>25 <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>Foxp3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> Treg cells within <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cell population were evaluated at both late follicular and luteal phases of menstrual cycle by flow cytometry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A significantly decreased percentage of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>Foxp3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> Treg cells was detected at the late follicular phase in all <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AID<\/jats:styled-content> failure groups compared with the controls. The percentage of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>Foxp3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> Treg cells at the late follicular phase in the controls was higher than that at the luteal phase. Using receiver operating characteristic curve, we found that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>Foxp3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> Treg\u2010cell percentage &lt;2% can best discriminate the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AID<\/jats:styled-content> failure and normal controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Reduced percentage of peripheral <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> Foxp3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> Treg cells at the late follicular phase was associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AID<\/jats:styled-content> failure and can be a potential biomarker for predicting <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AID<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced failure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,22]],"date-time":"2012-11-22T13:20:07Z","timestamp":1353590407000},"page":"188-193","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Quantitative Reduction of Peripheral <scp>CD<\/scp>4<sup>+<\/sup><scp>CD<\/scp>25<sup>+<\/sup><scp>FOXP<\/scp>3<sup>+<\/sup> Regulatory T cells in Reproductive Failure after Artificial Insemination by Donor Sperm"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Yuechao","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Family Planning Research Institute, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan No. 6 Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan 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