{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T14:23:29Z","timestamp":1781360609384,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,28]],"date-time":"2013-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1359331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Problem<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic endometritis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CE<\/jats:styled-content>) is a poorly investigated and probably underestimated pathology, which may cause abnormal uterine bleeding (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUB<\/jats:styled-content>), pain, and reproductive failures. Due to undefined symptoms and the normal presence of leukocytes in the endometrial mucosa, diagnosis may be missed. Fluid hysteroscopy is a reliable technique for diagnosing this pathology. Few data exist on the biochemical and paracrine alterations that occur in the endometrium of women diagnosed with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CE<\/jats:styled-content>. The aim of the study was to find molecular modification in endometrium related to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CE<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method of study<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixteen women with hysteroscopic and histological diagnosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CE<\/jats:styled-content> and 10 healthy women as controls were enrolled. We compared the endometrial expression profile of 25 genes encoding proteins involved in the inflammatory response, proliferation, and apoptosis in endometrium during implantation window, using high\u2010throughput real\u2010time <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In women with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CE<\/jats:styled-content>, the endometrial expression of some genes was significantly altered. In particular, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IGFBP<\/jats:styled-content>1, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCL<\/jats:styled-content>2, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BAX<\/jats:styled-content> were up\u2010regulated, while <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>11, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCL<\/jats:styled-content>4, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IGF<\/jats:styled-content>1, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CASP<\/jats:styled-content>8 were down\u2010regulated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The altered gene endometrial expression may explain the impaired endometrial receptivity and the finding of endometrial hyperplastic lesions in women affected by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CE<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,28]],"date-time":"2013-01-28T10:27:07Z","timestamp":1359368827000},"page":"509-517","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":124,"title":["Altered Transcriptional Regulation of Cytokines, Growth Factors, and Apoptotic Proteins in the Endometrium of Infertile Women with Chronic Endometritis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Cinzia","family":"Di Pietro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento G.F. Ingrassia, Biologia Generale, Biologia Cellulare, Genetica Molecolare G Sichel, Az. Policlinico Universit\u00e0 di Catania Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ettore","family":"Cicinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Ginecologia Ostetricia e Neonatologia Universit\u00e0 di Bari Bari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria R.","family":"Guglielmino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento G.F. Ingrassia, Biologia Generale, Biologia Cellulare, Genetica Molecolare G Sichel, Az. Policlinico Universit\u00e0 di Catania Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Ragusa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento G.F. Ingrassia, Biologia Generale, Biologia Cellulare, Genetica Molecolare G Sichel, Az. 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