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The lower reproductive tract is frequently studied as a site of sexually transmitted infections; however, the upper reproductive tract may also be a portal of entry and dissemination for pathogens, including <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method of Study<\/jats:title><jats:p>Endometrial biopsy, endocervical curettage, cytobrush, and blood were collected during mid\u2010luteal phase from 23 healthy women. T\u2010cells were isolated and analyzed by flow cytometry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>As compared with their counterparts in blood, endometrial and endocervical T\u2010cells had enhanced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCR<\/jats:styled-content>5 expression, and were enriched for activated, effector memory cells. Endometrial T\u2010cells were more responsive to polyclonal stimuli, producing a broad range of cytokines and chemokines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings underscore the responsiveness of endometrial T\u2010cells to stimulation, and reveal their activated phenotype. These findings also suggest susceptibility of the upper reproductive tract to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,7]],"date-time":"2013-12-07T04:41:06Z","timestamp":1386391266000},"page":"95-108","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Phenotype and Functionality of <scp>CD<\/scp>4<sup>+<\/sup> and <scp>CD<\/scp>8<sup>+<\/sup> T Cells in the Upper Reproductive Tract of Healthy Premenopausal Women"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Uma","family":"Shanmugasundaram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology School of Medicine University of California Davis CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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