{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T17:07:44Z","timestamp":1774976864644,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,10]],"date-time":"2014-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1394409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"Problem<\/jats:title>Recurrent reproductive failure (RRF<\/jats:styled-content>) has been associated with expansion of circulating NK<\/jats:styled-content> cells, key cells for maternal tolerance, decidual vasculogenesis and embryo growth. This study reports our experience in intravenous immunoglobulin (IVI<\/jats:styled-content>g) therapy of a large cohort of women with RRF<\/jats:styled-content> with expanded circulating NK<\/jats:styled-content> and\/or NKT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010like cells (blood NKT cells are a heterogeneous subset of T cells that share properties of both T cells and NK cells).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Method of study<\/jats:title>Observational study of RRF<\/jats:styled-content> women with NK<\/jats:styled-content> or NKT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010like expansion (>12% or 10% cutoff levels of total lymphocytes, respectively), treated with IVI<\/jats:styled-content>g for the next gestation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>By multivariant logistic regression analysis after adjusting for age, NK<\/jats:styled-content> cells subsets and other therapies, IVI<\/jats:styled-content>g significantly improved the live birth rate to 96.3% in women with recurrent miscarriage (RM<\/jats:styled-content>) compared with 30.6% in case not receiving IVI<\/jats:styled-content>g (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.0001). In women with recurrent implantation failure (RIF<\/jats:styled-content>), in comparison with women not receiving IVI<\/jats:styled-content>g, treatment increased the pregnancy rate from 26.2 to 93.8% (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.0001) and the live birth rate from 17.9 to 80.0% in RIF<\/jats:styled-content> (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.0001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>Immunomodulation with IVI<\/jats:styled-content>g in our selected group of RRF<\/jats:styled-content> patients with immunologic alterations enhanced clinical pregnancy and live birth rates. Our results may facilitate the design of future clinical trials of IVI<\/jats:styled-content>g in this pathology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,10]],"date-time":"2014-03-10T09:16:59Z","timestamp":1394443019000},"page":"458-466","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Experience in IVI<\/scp>g Therapy for Selected Women with Recurrent Reproductive Failure and NK<\/scp> Cell Expansion"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Rocio","family":"Ramos\u2010Medina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Clinical Immunology Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aurea","family":"Garc\u00eda\u2010Segovia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica Tambre Madrid 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