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The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FGT<\/jats:styled-content> is composed of upper and lower parts, distinct in their morphological and functional characteristics. Co\u2010factors in the genital microenvironment, such as presence of hormones, semen, and other sexually transmitted infections, can facilitate or deter <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection and play a critical role in determining susceptibility to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>. In this review, we examine some of these co\u2010factors and their potential influence. Presence of physical and chemical barriers such as epithelial tight junctions, mucus, and anti\u2010microbial peptides can actively block and inhibit viral replication, presenting a significant deterrent to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>. Upon exposure, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> and other pathogens first encounter the genital epithelium: cells that express a wide repertoire of pattern recognition receptors that can recognize and directly initiate innate immune responses. These and other interactions in the genital tract can lead to direct and indirect inflammation and enhance the number of local target cells, immune activation, and microbial translocation, all of which promote <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection and replication. Better understanding of the dynamics of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> transmission in the female genital tract would be invaluable for improving the design of prophylactic strategies against <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,12]],"date-time":"2014-03-12T11:57:08Z","timestamp":1394625428000},"page":"543-554","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Influence of Common Mucosal Co\u2010Factors on HIV Infection in the Female Genital Tract"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Victor H.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine McMaster Immunology Research Centre Michael G. 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