{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T09:06:59Z","timestamp":1790240819045,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,8]],"date-time":"2014-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1399507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54 HD 40093"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54 HD 40093"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Problem<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Uterine natural killer cells (u\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) have been thought to play a key role in endometriosis and infertility. We investigated the expression of CD56, CD16, and NKp46 in endometrial tissues from 61 women with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (u\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RPL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) or infertility (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) and correlated this with the presence or absence of endometriosis. The results from the patients with subfertility were compared with those from 10 fertile patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method of study<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mid\u2010secretory phase endometrial biopsies were obtained, and the endometrial expression of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      56,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      16, or\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      p46 was identified by immunohistochemistry and quantified (ImageJ Software).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The percentage of CD16\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      cells was higher in women with u\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RPL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (7.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.2) and UI (9.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.5)\n                      <jats:italic>,<\/jats:italic>\n                      even when these conditions were associated with endometriosis (8.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.3), compared with fertile patients (5.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.4,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Likewise, the ratio of NKp46\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      :CD56\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      cells was higher in women with u\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RPL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (0.28\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.25) and UI (0.21\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.2), even when these conditions were associated with endometriosis (0.19\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.14), compared with fertile patients (0.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.1,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). No differences were observed when comparing CD56.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Women, with or without endometriosis, who have larger populations of cytotoxic CD16\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">uNK<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      cells and\/or higher populations of NKp46\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      CD56\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      cells may be at greater risk of infertility disorders resulting from an inflammatory environment occurring during implantation or later during decidualization.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,8]],"date-time":"2014-05-08T05:16:45Z","timestamp":1399526205000},"page":"262-269","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":163,"title":["Characterization of Uterine\n                    <scp>NK<\/scp>\n                    Cells in Women with Infertility or Recurrent Pregnancy Loss and Associated Endometriosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Emma","family":"Giuliani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology College of Human Medicine Michigan State University Grand Rapids MI USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Grand Rapids Medical Education Partners\/Michigan State University Grand Rapids MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirstin L.","family":"Parkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology College of Human Medicine Michigan State University Grand Rapids MI USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce A.","family":"Lessey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Greenville Hospital System Greenville SC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven L.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asgerally T.","family":"Fazleabas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology College of Human Medicine Michigan State University Grand Rapids MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.143.10.3183"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der164"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(91)90014-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.153.10.4427"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2003-0021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803769"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2011.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod62.4.959"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.11.2727"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4027","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.156.10.4027","article-title":"Endometrial T, B, and NK cells in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion. 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