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Multiple factors may contribute to this failure, including genetic or metabolic abnormalities of the embryo. However, many of these spontaneous early abortion cases are attributed to poor uterine receptivity. Furthermore, although many fertility disorders have been overcome by a variety of assisted reproductive techniques, implantation remains the rate\u2010limiting step for the success of the <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> fertilization (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVF<\/jats:styled-content>) treatments. We, as well as others, have demonstrated that endometrial biopsies performed either during the spontaneous, preceding cycle, or during the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVF<\/jats:styled-content> cycle itself, significantly improve the rate of implantation, clinical pregnancies, and live births. These observations suggest that mechanical injury of the endometrium may enhance uterine receptivity by provoking the immune system to generate an inflammatory reaction. In strong support of this idea, we recently found that dendritic cells (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DC<\/jats:styled-content>s), an important cellular component of the innate immune system, play a critical role in successful implantation in a mouse model. In this review, we discuss the hypothesis that the injury\u2010derived inflammation in the biopsy\u2010treated patients generates a focus for uterine <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DC<\/jats:styled-content>s and Mac accumulation that, in turn, enhance the endometrial expression of essential molecules that facilitate the interaction between the embryo and the uterine epithelium.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,9]],"date-time":"2014-05-09T10:38:55Z","timestamp":1399631935000},"page":"141-147","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":217,"title":["The Role of Inflammation for a Successful Implantation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Nava","family":"Dekel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Regulation The Weizmann Institute Rehovot 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