{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T02:26:30Z","timestamp":1771640790581,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,9]],"date-time":"2014-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1404864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1K23HD062340-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1K23HD062340-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Problem<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pregnancy\u2010mediated changes in immunity may influence risk of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 acquisition. This risk appears greatest among non\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>aucasian women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method of study<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pregnant women with low risk of immune disruption were enrolled in a prospective observational cohort. Study visits occurred each trimester and postpartum. Semi\u2010quantitative vaginal cultures and concentrations of cervical cytokines were compared between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>aucasian and non\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>aucasian women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the second trimester, non\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>aucasian women were more likely to be colonized with <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>ardnerella vaginalis<\/jats:italic> (62% versus 25%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02) and non\u2010pigmented anaerobic gram\u2010negative rods (43% versus 8%, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.01). <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>ycoplasma hominis<\/jats:italic> was more frequently isolated in non\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>aucasian women throughout the second (29% versus 4%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.03) and third trimesters (35% versus 6%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.04). Non\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>aucasian women had higher median interleukin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>)\u201010 concentrations throughout the second (128\u00a0pg\/mL versus 7\u00a0pg\/mL, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.05) and third trimesters (224\u00a0pg\/mL versus 7\u00a0pg\/mL, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Non\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>aucasian women experienced a greater diversity of microorganisms and increased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010 in the second and third trimesters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,9]],"date-time":"2014-07-09T06:16:21Z","timestamp":1404886581000},"page":"141-150","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Ethnic Variations in Cervical Cytokine Concentrations and Vaginal Flora During Pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Riana","family":"Dutt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Women &amp; Infants' Hospital The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence RI USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Raker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Research Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Women &amp; Infants' Hospital The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence RI USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brenna L.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Women &amp; Infants' Hospital The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence RI USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Gender inequalities and HIV. 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