{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T02:01:23Z","timestamp":1767837683201,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,15]],"date-time":"2014-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1410739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Basic Research Program of Shenzhen","award":["JCYJ20120829150019348"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20120829150019348"]}]},{"name":"Basic Research Program of Shenzhen","award":["JCYJ20120829150019349"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20120829150019349"]}]},{"name":"Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","award":["B2012331"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B2012331"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Problem<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate alterations of circulating lymphocyte subsets in women undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COS<\/jats:styled-content>) and survey their relations with pregnancy outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method of Study<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifty\u2010one women were included in this study, of which 24 women were successfully pregnant in the index IVF cycle (the successful pregnancy group, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sPG<\/jats:styled-content>) and 27 women failed to get pregnant (the non\u2010pregnancy group, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">nPG<\/jats:styled-content>). Peripheral blood was collected at three time points during COS: on the day before the first GnRHa administration (GnRHa day), on the day before the first Gn administration (Gn day), and on the day before HCG administration (HCG day). The intracellular Th1(IFN\u2010\u03b3 and TNF\u2010\u03b1)\/Th2(IL\u201010) ratios in circulating Th cells after <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> phorbol\u201012\u2010myristate\u201013\u2010acetate stimulation, the NK cytotoxicity, and the percentage of T, B and NK cell subsets were assessed by flow cytometer. A third group consisting of patients with recurrent implantation failure (RIF group, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a018) was also enrolled, and the intracellular Th1\/Th2 ratios were assessed at HCG day.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intergroup comparison: The ratios of IFN\u2010\u03b3\/IL\u201010 and TNF\u2010\u03b1\/IL\u201010 at HCG day were significantly higher (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05) in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">nPG<\/jats:styled-content> than those in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sPG<\/jats:styled-content>, while no change at GnRHa day or Gn day. Higher (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05) ratios of IFN\u2010\u03b3\/IL\u201010 and TNF\u2010\u03b1\/IL\u201010 at HCG day were also observed in RIF group compared to those in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sPG<\/jats:styled-content>. No significant change (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&gt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05) was found in other assessed lymphocyte subsets or in the concentrations of progesterone, estradiol, luteinizing hormone, or follicle\u2010stimulating hormone between the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sPG<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">nPG<\/jats:styled-content> at the three time points. Intragroup comparison: The ratios of IFN\u2010\u03b3\/IL\u201010 and TNF\u2010\u03b1\/IL\u201010 at HCG day were significantly (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05) lower than those at GnRHa day in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sPG<\/jats:styled-content>, but not in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">nPG<\/jats:styled-content>. No significant (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&gt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05) difference was found in other assessed parameters or at other time points.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The ratios of Th1\/Th2 were fluctuated during <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COS<\/jats:styled-content>, and they might affect the pregnancy outcome of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVF<\/jats:styled-content>. The circulating <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content> cytotoxicity and percentage of lymphocyte subsets were relatively stable during the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COS<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,15]],"date-time":"2014-09-15T05:33:35Z","timestamp":1410759215000},"page":"12-21","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Increased Circulating Th1\/Th2 Ratios But Not Other Lymphocyte Subsets During Controlled Ovarian Stimulation are Linked to Subsequent Implantation Failure after Transfer of <i>In Vitro<\/i> Fertilized Embryos"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Pei\u2010Yan","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Biology &amp; Biotechnology Shenzhen Graduate School Peking University Shenzhen China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri\u2010implantation Fertility Center Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital Shenzhen China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Biao","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri\u2010implantation Fertility Center Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital Shenzhen China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri\u2010implantation Fertility Center Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital Shenzhen China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao\u2010Dong","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri\u2010implantation Fertility Center Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital Shenzhen China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri\u2010implantation Fertility Center Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital Shenzhen China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tong\u2010Hua","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri\u2010implantation Fertility Center Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital Shenzhen China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Biology &amp; Biotechnology Shenzhen Graduate School Peking University Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guan\u2010Gui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri\u2010implantation Fertility Center Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital Shenzhen China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri\u2010implantation Fertility Center Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital Shenzhen China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.1996.tb00962.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2012.01183.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gap027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.8755-8920.2001.460203.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/15.3.713"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dep349"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12137"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2012.01133.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2011.12.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0904192"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3871252"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/15.11.2394"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2003.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2003-0020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2011.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01127-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.02.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/11.5.803"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2012.01141.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deg156"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2007.00565.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dei071"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.09.083"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0897.2001.d01-29.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2010.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0078138"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.01.086"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0143-4004(05)80184-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2000-13730"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-8749(90)90219-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4886","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.10.4886","article-title":"Early embryo loss is associated with the prior expression of macrophage activation markers in the decidua","volume":"158","author":"Haddad EK","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.2.545"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1999.tb00463.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2008.00596.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2012.01105.x"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Reproductive Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Faji.12320","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Faji.12320","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aji.12320","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T06:05:32Z","timestamp":1696485932000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/aji.12320"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,15]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/aji.12320"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aji.12320","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1046-7408","1600-0897"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1046-7408","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0897","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,15]]}}}