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We tested the hypothesis that the choriodecidua plays a role in\n GBS<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010stimulated human beta defensin(\n HBD<\/jats:styled-content>\n )\u20102 increases in amnion cells through a secreted factor of choriodecidual origin.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Method of study<\/jats:title>\n \n Human amnion epithelial cells were treated with choriodecidual\n GBS<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010conditioned medium, live\n GBS<\/jats:styled-content>\n , lipoteichoic acid (\n LTA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), or lipopolysaccharide (\n LPS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), with and without\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101 inhibitors.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Choriodecidual tissue punches released\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101\u03b1 and\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101\u03b2 in response to\n GBS<\/jats:styled-content>\n and this medium significantly stimulated release of\n HBD<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20102 by amnion cell cultures. Inhibitors of\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101 significantly impaired the release of\n HBD<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20102 from amnion cells treated with\n GBS<\/jats:styled-content>\n choriodecidual conditioned medium. Direct stimulation of amnion cells with\n GBS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n LTA<\/jats:styled-content>\n , or\n LPS<\/jats:styled-content>\n did not increase\n HBD<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20102 release.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Paracrine signaling involving\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101 of choriodecidual origin is likely a critical driver for amnion\n HBD<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20102 increases in response to\n GBS<\/jats:styled-content>\n infection of extraplacental membranes.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,29]],"date-time":"2014-09-29T01:14:52Z","timestamp":1411953292000},"page":"263-272","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Role of Cytokine Signaling in Group B\n Streptococcus<\/i>\n \u2010Stimulated Expression of Human Beta Defensin\u20102 in Human Extraplacental Membranes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Erica","family":"Boldenow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences School of Public Health University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly A.","family":"Hogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences School of Public Health University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark C.","family":"Chames","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and of Obstetrics and Gynecology Medical School University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Aronoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN 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