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Tolerance to microorganisms is promoted during pregnancy by several mechanisms including upregulation of anti\u2010inflammatory mediators, induction of endotoxin tolerance, and possibly by regulation of autophagy. Conversely, an altered vaginal microbiota or a pre\u2010existing viral presence may result in induction of excessive inflammation and preterm labor. Although infections play a prevalent role in preterm birth, microbes are present in gestational tissues of women with healthy outcomes and may provide beneficial functions. The complex interactions between different microbial species and the maternal immune system during gestation remain incompletely elucidated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,20]],"date-time":"2014-09-20T01:55:25Z","timestamp":1411178125000},"page":"383-389","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Microorganisms in the Female Genital Tract during Pregnancy: Tolerance versus Pathogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Bruna de Andrade","family":"Ramos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Botucatu Medical School S\u00e3o Paulo State University UNESP Botucatu S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomi T.","family":"Kanninen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Weill Cornell Medical College New York NY 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