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In non\u2010pregnant tissues, heme oxygenase\u20101 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HO<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101) is thought to play a central role in regulating the inflammatory response. Thus, the aims of this study were to determine the effect of human term labour on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HO<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 expression in human myometrium and to investigate the role of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HO<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 in myometrial primary cells in response to cytokine\u2010 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content> ligand\u2010induced inflammation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method of study<\/jats:title><jats:p>Localization and expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HO<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 protein in human myometrial tissues were determined using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IHC<\/jats:styled-content>. Western blot analysis and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">qRT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> were also used to determine <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HO<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 protein and gene expression, respectively, in human myometrium. si<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> knock\u2010down of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HO<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 in myometrial primary cells was used to determine its role in response to inflammatory stimuli.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HO<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 gene expression and protein expression were increased in term labouring myometrium compared with non\u2010labouring myometrium. Bacterial flagellin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>5 ligand), viral ds<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> analogue polyinosinic polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>3 ligand) and pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1 induced pro\u2010inflammatory cytokine (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20106 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20108) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> expression and release in myometrial cells. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2 also induced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COX<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> expression and prostaglandin release. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HO<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 si<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> knock\u2010down significantly decreased the expression and secretion of these prolabour mediators. Additionally, flagellin, poly(I:C), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1\u2010induced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03baB transcriptional activity were suppressed in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HO<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u2010deficient myometrial cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Collectively, these findings in myometrium indicate <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HO<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 expression is increased with labour and exerts pro\u2010inflammatory effects via <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03baB during cytokine\u2010 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content> ligand\u2010induced inflammation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,5]],"date-time":"2015-02-05T04:35:42Z","timestamp":1423110942000},"page":"62-76","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The Stress\u2010responsive Heme Oxygenase (<scp>HO<\/scp>)\u20101 Isoenzyme is Increased in Labouring Myometrium where it Regulates Contraction\u2010associated Proteins"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Stella","family":"Liong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mercy Perinatal Research Centre Mercy Hospital for Women Heidelberg Vic. 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