{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T17:29:24Z","timestamp":1775064564522,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,29]],"date-time":"2015-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1446076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008903","name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A120136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A120136"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008903","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Problem<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated the therapeutic effect of intravenous immunoglobulin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVIG<\/jats:styled-content>) in women with recurrent pregnancy loss (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RPL<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method of study<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a retrospective observational study. Total 189 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RPL<\/jats:styled-content> women who experienced \u22652 miscarriages were enrolled and investigated conventional etiologies, thrombophilia, and cellular immunity. Patients were divided into four groups; known etiology with (Gr1) and without cellular immune abnormality (Gr2), unknown etiology with (Gr3) and without cellular immune abnormality (Gr4). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVIG<\/jats:styled-content> was administrated from early pregnancy to 30 weeks of gestation to women with cellular immune abnormality (Gr1 + Gr3).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cellular immune abnormalities (increased level or cytotoxicity of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content> cells and Th1\/Th2 ratio) were present in 111 of 189 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RPL<\/jats:styled-content> women (58.7%). Live birth rates of women with and without cellular immune abnormality were not different (Gr1 + Gr3, 84.8% versus Gr2 + Gr4, 89.7%). Furthermore, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVIG<\/jats:styled-content> success rates were the same between Gr1 and Gr3, those who had cellular immune abnormality. Nevertheless lack of an appropriate control in this study, our <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVIG<\/jats:styled-content> outcome demonstrated better live birth rate compared with those of other investigators.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Treatment modalities stratified by underlying etiologies of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RPL<\/jats:styled-content> may improve pregnancy outcome. Administration of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVIG<\/jats:styled-content> is likely to have clinical efficacy in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RPL<\/jats:styled-content> women with cellular immune abnormality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,29]],"date-time":"2015-10-29T05:50:39Z","timestamp":1446097839000},"page":"59-68","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Intravenous Immunoglobulin G Improves Pregnancy Outcome in Women with Recurrent Pregnancy Losses with Cellular Immune Abnormalities"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Sung Ki","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Konyang University Hospital Daejeon Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jee Yun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology 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