{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T19:29:50Z","timestamp":1789241390701,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,18]],"date-time":"2016-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1453075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the efficacy of the use of antibiotics in preterm labor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTL<\/jats:styled-content>) with intact membranes, after evaluating intra\u2010amniotic microbes by our rapid and bacteria\u2010free polymerase chain reaction (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>) system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred and four <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTL<\/jats:styled-content> patients before 32 weeks of gestation were recruited. Until 2012, antibiotics were empirically prescribed based on the clinical severity of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTL<\/jats:styled-content>. Intra\u2010amniotic microbes in stored samples were evaluated later by our newly established <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> system, and the efficacy of the use of antibiotics in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTL<\/jats:styled-content> was evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the amniotic fluid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AF<\/jats:styled-content>) microbe\u2010negative patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 67), antibiotic therapy significantly shortened the gestation period (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001), whereas in the microbe\u2010positive patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 37), appropriate antibiotic therapy (proper antibiotic selection against identified <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AF<\/jats:styled-content> microbes) was significantly associated with an increase in gestation period (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Appropriate antibiotic therapy in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTL<\/jats:styled-content> with intact membranes prolonged the gestation period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,18]],"date-time":"2016-01-18T05:28:44Z","timestamp":1453094924000},"page":"440-450","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Antibiotic Therapy Increases the Risk of Preterm Birth in Preterm Labor without Intra\u2010Amniotic Microbes, but may Prolong the Gestation Period in Preterm Labor with Microbes, Evaluated by Rapid and High\u2010Sensitive <scp>PCR<\/scp> System"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Yoneda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Toyama Toyama 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