{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T11:55:48Z","timestamp":1774612548768,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,20]],"date-time":"2016-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1453248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001590","name":"Health Research Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HRA\/POR\/2012\/37"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HRA\/POR\/2012\/37"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001590","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Problem<\/jats:title><jats:p>Uterine natural killer (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">uNK<\/jats:styled-content>) cells play a significant role in successful human pregnancy. Having previously demonstrated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">uNK<\/jats:styled-content> cell progenitors in human endometrium, we hypothesized that abnormal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">uNK<\/jats:styled-content> cell maturation contributes to infertility in women with endometriosis. We aimed to characterize <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">uNK<\/jats:styled-content> cells at different developmental stages in women with and without endometriosis and to investigate possible mechanisms to explain any differences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method of study<\/jats:title><jats:p>We characterized <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">uNK<\/jats:styled-content> cell development in women with and without endometriosis using flow cytometry, protein array and <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> experiments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found increased proportions of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">uNK<\/jats:styled-content> cells at developmental stages 1 and 2 in endometrium from women with endometriosis (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 36; mean = 21.2%) when compared with healthy fertile women (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 9; mean = 7.0%). Protein array analysis revealed significantly lower levels of stem cell factor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCF<\/jats:styled-content>) in the eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis when compared to healthy women. Addition of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCF<\/jats:styled-content> to endometrial progenitor cells <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> restored <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">uNK<\/jats:styled-content> cell maturation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We have shown that women with endometriosis have low levels of endometrial <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCF<\/jats:styled-content>, which we hypothesize contributes to abnormal maturation of local <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">uNK<\/jats:styled-content> cell populations. This defect may also compromise embryo implantation and hence contribute to endometriosis\u2010associated infertility. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCF<\/jats:styled-content> replacement may be a new therapeutic approach.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,21]],"date-time":"2016-01-21T04:17:17Z","timestamp":1453349837000},"page":"493-502","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Increased <scp>uNK<\/scp> Progenitor Cells in Women With Endometriosis and Infertility are Associated With Low Levels of Endometrial Stem Cell Factor"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Uma","family":"Thiruchelvam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biochemistry and Immunology Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 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