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blood <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pNK<\/jats:styled-content>) cells in putative etiology of gestational diabetes, the expression of surface markers on p<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content> cells and the percentage of cytokine\u2010producing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pNK<\/jats:styled-content> cells in women at 12 weeks of pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDM<\/jats:styled-content>) were studied.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method of study<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multicolor flow cytometry was used to analyze the expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content> cell surface receptors (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>16, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content>p46, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content>p30) and intracellular cytokines (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b2, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VEGF<\/jats:styled-content>) in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pNK<\/jats:styled-content> cells (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>56<jats:sup>dim<\/jats:sup> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>56<jats:sup>bright<\/jats:sup>) at 12 weeks of pregnancy with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDM<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 7) and non\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDM<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 28).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>56<jats:sup>bright<\/jats:sup>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>16<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>56<jats:sup>bright<\/jats:sup>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content>p46<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content> cell percentage were significantly lower in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDM<\/jats:styled-content> women than that in non\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDM<\/jats:styled-content> women. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3\u2010 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1\u2010producing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>56<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells, respectively, were significantly high, while <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b2\u2010 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VEGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010producing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>56<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>56<jats:sup>bright<\/jats:sup> cells, respectively, were significantly low in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDM<\/jats:styled-content> women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDM<\/jats:styled-content> possibly have abnormal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content> cell function for the expression of surface receptors and cytokine production.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12491","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,27]],"date-time":"2016-01-27T08:00:47Z","timestamp":1453881647000},"page":"529-538","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Expression of Natural Cytotoxicity Receptors on and Intracellular Cytokine Production by <scp>NK<\/scp> Cells in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Hitomi","family":"Chiba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki University Hirosaki Aomori Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Fukui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki University Hirosaki Aomori 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