{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T00:27:23Z","timestamp":1781915243758,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,19]],"date-time":"2016-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1466294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI102838"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI102838"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI117739"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI117739"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"Problem<\/jats:title>The programmed death 1 (PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101)\/PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L1 pathway regulates peripheral tolerance, immune responses, and is up\u2010regulated in chronic viral infections, including HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection. However, expression of PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\/PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L1 on immune cells from the human female reproductive tract (FRT<\/jats:styled-content>) and possible regulation by menopause and sex hormones are poorly understood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Method of study<\/jats:title>PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\/PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L1 expression was analyzed on CD<\/jats:styled-content>4+<\/jats:sup> and CD<\/jats:styled-content>8+<\/jats:sup> T cells, CD<\/jats:styled-content>163+<\/jats:sup> macrophages, and CD<\/jats:styled-content>11c+<\/jats:sup> dendritic cells (DC<\/jats:styled-content>) from endometrium (EM<\/jats:styled-content>), endocervix (CX<\/jats:styled-content>) and ectocervix (ECX<\/jats:styled-content>). Expression after hormone treatment in culture was also evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 and PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L1 were constitutively expressed on CD<\/jats:styled-content>4+<\/jats:sup> and CD<\/jats:styled-content>8+<\/jats:sup> T cells from the FRT<\/jats:styled-content>. PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L1+<\/jats:sup>CD<\/jats:styled-content>4+<\/jats:sup> T cells were increased in CX<\/jats:styled-content> compared to EM<\/jats:styled-content> and ECX<\/jats:styled-content>, while no differences were found for PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 or between CD<\/jats:styled-content>8+<\/jats:sup> T cells from different sites. Macrophages and DC<\/jats:styled-content>s constitutively expressed PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L1, but not PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101, with no differences observed between FRT<\/jats:styled-content> sites. Pre\u2010menopausal FRT<\/jats:styled-content> tissues showed increased PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L1 expression on CD<\/jats:styled-content>8+<\/jats:sup> T cells, but decreased expression on DC<\/jats:styled-content>s when compared to post\u2010menopausal women. In vitro estradiol treatment up\u2010regulated PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L1 expression specifically on CD<\/jats:styled-content>8+<\/jats:sup>T cells from CX<\/jats:styled-content>, but had no effect on PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\/PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L1 expression on the other cell types.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Our results suggest that PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L1 may be involved in the differential regulation of FRT<\/jats:styled-content> immune responses between pre\u2010menopausal and post\u2010menopausal women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,20]],"date-time":"2016-06-20T04:53:02Z","timestamp":1466398382000},"page":"118-125","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Menopausal status influences the expression of programmed death (PD<\/scp>)\u20101 and its ligand PD<\/scp>\u2010L1 on immune cells from the human female reproductive 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