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The first large human outbreak occurred in 2007 (Yap Island, Federated States of Micronesia, Pacific) followed by French Polynesia in 2013 and Brazil in 2015. The virus is mainly transmitted through Aedes mosquito bites, but sexual and post\u2010transfusion transmissions have been reported. Symptoms include low\u2010grade fever, maculopapular rash, conjunctivitis, myalgia, arthralgia, and asthenia. During the recent outbreaks in French Polynesia and Brazil,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ZIKV<\/jats:styled-content>infection has been associated with two major complications: microcephaly and Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome. Since fetal infection includes other birth defects, congenital Zika syndrome has been used to define in utero infection. The majority of sexual transmission occurred from a symptomatic male to a female, but female\u2010to\u2010male and male\u2010to\u2010male transmission have been reported. Asymptomatic male\u2010to\u2010female transmission has also been described. Importantly,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ZIKV RNA<\/jats:styled-content>can persist at least 6 months in semen. The male urogenital tract may therefore act as a reservoir for the virus.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ZIKV RNA<\/jats:styled-content>was detected in a cervical swab of a patient 3 days after presenting the classic symptoms suggesting a potential tropism for the female genital tract. Long\u2010lasting presence of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ZIKV RNA<\/jats:styled-content>might not indicate that the individual is infectious but makes recommendation for couples potentially exposed to the virus and willing to conceive difficult. It will also be important to determine whether genital<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ZIKV<\/jats:styled-content>infection might have a deleterious effect on male and female fertility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,15]],"date-time":"2016-12-15T13:27:06Z","timestamp":1481808426000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Zika virus: A new threat to human reproduction"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Baud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Materno\u2010Fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit Department \u201cFemme\u2010Mere\u2010Enfant\u201d Lausanne University Hospital Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Musso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Emerging Infectious Diseases Institut Louis Malard\u00e9 Tahiti French Polynesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manon","family":"Vouga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Materno\u2010Fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit Department \u201cFemme\u2010Mere\u2010Enfant\u201d Lausanne University Hospital Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco P.","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology and Immunology Mittelh\u00e4usern Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Vulliemoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Unit Department \u201cFemme\u2010Mere\u2010Enfant\u201d Lausanne University Hospital Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/news\/statements\/2016\/emergency-committee-zika-microcephaly\/en\/. 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