{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T13:52:18Z","timestamp":1782481938425,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,3]],"date-time":"2017-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483401600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,3]],"date-time":"2017-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN275201300006C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN275201300006C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006710","name":"Wayne State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Reprod Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12617","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,3]],"date-time":"2017-01-03T12:57:07Z","timestamp":1483448227000},"page":"e12617","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Neutrophil extracellular traps in acute chorioamnionitis: A\u00a0mechanism of host defense"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Nardhy","family":"Gomez-Lopez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics; Division of Intramural Research; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH\/DHHS; Bethesda MD and Detroit MI USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Wayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit MI USA"},{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology; Wayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics; Division of Intramural Research; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH\/DHHS; Bethesda MD and Detroit MI USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Michigan State University; East Lansing MI USA"},{"name":"Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics; Wayne State University; Detroit MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaozhu","family":"Leng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics; Division of Intramural Research; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH\/DHHS; Bethesda MD and Detroit MI USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Wayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Garcia-Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics; Division of Intramural Research; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH\/DHHS; Bethesda MD and Detroit MI USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Wayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics; Division of Intramural Research; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH\/DHHS; Bethesda MD and Detroit MI USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Wayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics; Division of Intramural Research; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH\/DHHS; Bethesda MD and Detroit MI USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Wayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit MI USA"},{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology; Wayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia S.","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics; Division of Intramural Research; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH\/DHHS; Bethesda MD and Detroit MI USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Wayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0001|aji12617-cit-0001","first-page":"127","article-title":"Inflammatory lesions of the human placenta: clinical significance of acute chorioamnionitis","volume":"2","author":"Russell","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Diagn Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0002|aji12617-cit-0002","first-page":"11","article-title":"The association of chorioamnionitis with preterm delivery","volume":"65","author":"Guzick","year":"1985","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0003|aji12617-cit-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1080\/15513819609169300","article-title":"Clinical significance of increasing histologic severity of acute inflammation in the fetal membranes and umbilical cord","volume":"16","author":"Hoeven","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatr Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0004|aji12617-cit-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e79941","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0079941","article-title":"Acute histologic chorioamnionitis is a risk factor for adverse neonatal outcome in late preterm birth after preterm premature rupture of membranes","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0005|aji12617-cit-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2008.06.040","article-title":"The frequency of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity and histologic chorioamnionitis in women at term with intact membranes in the presence or absence of labor","volume":"199","author":"Seong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0006|aji12617-cit-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2010.06.013","article-title":"Histologic chorioamnionitis is more common after spontaneous labor than after induced labor at term","volume":"31","author":"Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0007|aji12617-cit-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(89)90172-5","article-title":"Infection and labor. III. Interleukin-1: a signal for the onset of parturition","volume":"160","author":"Romero","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0008|aji12617-cit-0008","first-page":"235","article-title":"Amniotic fluid interleukin-1 in spontaneous labor at term","volume":"35","author":"Romero","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0009|aji12617-cit-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1992.tb00737.x","article-title":"Interleukin-1 alpha and interleukin-1 beta in preterm and term human parturition","volume":"27","author":"Romero","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0010|aji12617-cit-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(89)90515-2","article-title":"Infection and labor. IV. Cachectin-tumor necrosis factor in the amniotic fluid of women with intraamniotic infection and preterm labor","volume":"161","author":"Romero","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0011|aji12617-cit-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(92)91636-O","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor in preterm and term labor","volume":"166","author":"Romero","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0012|aji12617-cit-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(91)90422-N","article-title":"Neutrophil attractant\/activating peptide-1\/interleukin-8 in term and preterm parturition","volume":"165","author":"Romero","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0013|aji12617-cit-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(93)90297-V","article-title":"Neutrophil attractant\/activating peptide-1\/interleukin-8: association with histologic chorioamnionitis, preterm delivery, and bioactive amniotic fluid leukoattractants","volume":"169","author":"Cherouny","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0014|aji12617-cit-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114583","article-title":"Amniotic fluid interleukin 6 in preterm labor. Association with infection","volume":"85","author":"Romero","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0015|aji12617-cit-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1993.tb00618.x","article-title":"Amniotic fluid interleukin-6 determinations are of diagnostic and prognostic value in preterm labor","volume":"30","author":"Romero","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0016|aji12617-cit-0016","first-page":"941","article-title":"The relationship of amniotic fluid cytokines and preterm delivery, amniotic fluid infection, histologic chorioamnionitis, and chorioamnion infection","volume":"81","author":"Hillier","year":"1993","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0017|aji12617-cit-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/1043-4666(93)90027-3","article-title":"Elevation of amniotic fluid interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8 and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in term and preterm parturition","volume":"5","author":"Saito","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0018|aji12617-cit-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-2243(94)90162-7","article-title":"Cytokine levels in amniotic fluid and inflammatory changes in the placenta from normal deliveries at term","volume":"56","author":"Halgunset","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0019|aji12617-cit-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1515\/jpme.1998.26.1.17","article-title":"TNF, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8 and soluble TNF receptors in relation to chorioamnionitis and premature labor","volume":"26","author":"Arntzen","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0020|aji12617-cit-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)70432-0","article-title":"Amniotic fluid inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6, interleukin-1 beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha), neonatal brain white matter lesions, and cerebral palsy","volume":"177","author":"Yoon","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0021|aji12617-cit-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)70276-X","article-title":"Amniotic fluid cytokines (interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-8) and the risk for the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"177","author":"Yoon","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0022|aji12617-cit-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1080\/13506120500223241","article-title":"Evaluation of amniotic fluid cytokines in preterm labor and intact membranes","volume":"18","author":"Figueroa","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0023|aji12617-cit-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1080\/14767050701752601","article-title":"Expression of cytokines and chemokines in cervical and amniotic fluid: relationship to histological chorioamnionitis","volume":"20","author":"Holst","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0024|aji12617-cit-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e60399","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060399","article-title":"Amniotic fluid protein profiles of intraamniotic inflammatory response to Ureaplasma spp. and other bacteria","volume":"8","author":"Kacerovsky","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0025|aji12617-cit-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.07.037","article-title":"Evidence of perturbations of the cytokine network in preterm labor","volume":"213","author":"Romero","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0026|aji12617-cit-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12360","article-title":"Accurate prediction of the stage of histological chorioamnionitis before delivery by amniotic fluid IL-8 level","volume":"73","author":"Yoneda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0027|aji12617-cit-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(96)70585-9","article-title":"Interleukin-6 concentrations in umbilical cord plasma are elevated in neonates with white matter lesions associated with periventricular leukomalacia","volume":"174","author":"Yoon","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0028|aji12617-cit-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2002.01028.x","article-title":"Histologic chorioamnionitis and umbilical serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cytokine inhibitors","volume":"109","author":"Dollner","year":"2002","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0029|aji12617-cit-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2005.11.049","article-title":"The value of cord blood interleukin-6 levels for predicting chorioamnionitis, funisitis and neonatal infection in term premature rupture of membranes","volume":"128","author":"Tasci","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0030|aji12617-cit-0030","first-page":"857","article-title":"Umbilical cord blood concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, and MMP-8 in pregnancy complicated by preterm premature rupture of the membranes and histological chorioamnionitis","volume":"31","author":"Andrys","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuro Endocrinol Lett"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0031|aji12617-cit-0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2010.01.027","article-title":"IL-6 and TNFalpha across the umbilical circulation in term pregnancies: relationship with labour events","volume":"86","author":"Duncombe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0032|aji12617-cit-0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e31819","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031819","article-title":"Acute histologic chorioamnionitis at term: nearly always noninfectious","volume":"7","author":"Roberts","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0033|aji12617-cit-0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.08.017","article-title":"Cytokines in umbilical cord blood and the impact of labor events in low-risk term pregnancies","volume":"89","author":"Chan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0034|aji12617-cit-0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2000.104207","article-title":"Fetal exposure to an intra-amniotic inflammation and the development of cerebral palsy at the age of three years","volume":"182","author":"Yoon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0035|aji12617-cit-0035","first-page":"1080","article-title":"Amniotic fluid infection, cytokines, and adverse outcome among infants at 34\u00a0weeks\u2019 gestation or less","volume":"98","author":"Hitti","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0036|aji12617-cit-0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2002.044","article-title":"Amniotic fluid matrix metalloproteinase-8 and the development of cerebral palsy","volume":"30","author":"Moon","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0037|aji12617-cit-0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.11.032","article-title":"Amniotic fluid infection, inflammation, and colonization in preterm labor with intact membranes","volume":"210","author":"Combs","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0038|aji12617-cit-0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2016.01.181","article-title":"Cytokines in noninvasively obtained amniotic fluid as predictors of fetal inflammatory response syndrome","volume":"215","author":"Kunze","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0039|aji12617-cit-0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(98)70272-8","article-title":"The fetal inflammatory response syndrome","volume":"179","author":"Gomez","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0040|aji12617-cit-0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199810000-00002","article-title":"Plasma levels and gene expression of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in neonatal early onset sepsis","volume":"44","author":"Berner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0041|aji12617-cit-0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1159\/000047118","article-title":"Inflammatory mediators in umbilical plasma from neonates who develop early-onset sepsis","volume":"80","author":"Dollner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biol Neonate"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0042|aji12617-cit-0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.06.086","article-title":"Umbilical cord plasma interleukin-6 concentrations in preterm infants and risk of neonatal morbidity","volume":"191","author":"Goepfert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0043|aji12617-cit-0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.04.014","article-title":"Interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-I in the cord blood as predictors of chronic lung disease in premature infants","volume":"191","author":"An","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0044|aji12617-cit-0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.09.016","article-title":"Inflammatory predictors of neurologic disability after preterm premature rupture of membranes","volume":"212","author":"Armstrong-Wells","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0045|aji12617-cit-0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12502","article-title":"Mathematical modeling of the biomarker milieu to characterize preterm birth and predict adverse neonatal outcomes","volume":"75","author":"Cordeiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0046|aji12617-cit-0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.05.056","article-title":"Classification of placental lesions","volume":"213","author":"Redline","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0047|aji12617-cit-0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.08.040","article-title":"Acute chorioamnionitis and funisitis: definition, pathologic features, and clinical significance","volume":"213","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0048|aji12617-cit-0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1155\/S1064744997000471","article-title":"Determining the maternal and fetal cellular immunologic contributions in preterm deliveries with clinical or subclinical chorioamnionitis","volume":"5","author":"McNamara","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0049|aji12617-cit-0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2004.10.003","article-title":"Maternal origin of inflammatory leukocytes in preterm fetal membranes, shown by fluorescence in situ hybridisation","volume":"26","author":"Steel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0050|aji12617-cit-0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S0095-5108(18)30286-0","article-title":"Premature labor and intra-amniotic infection. Clinical aspects and role of the cytokines in diagnosis and pathophysiology","volume":"22","author":"Gomez","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0051|aji12617-cit-0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(97)00236-4","article-title":"Elevated interleukin-8 concentrations in amniotic fluid of mothers whose neonates subsequently develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"78","author":"Ghezzi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0052|aji12617-cit-0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(98)70414-4","article-title":"The role of amniotic fluid L-selectin, GRO-alpha, and interleukin-8 in the pathogenesis of intraamniotic infection","volume":"178","author":"Hsu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0053|aji12617-cit-0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(98)70144-9","article-title":"Elevated amniotic fluid levels of leukemia inhibitory factor, interleukin 6, and interleukin 8 in intra-amniotic infection","volume":"179","author":"Hsu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0054|aji12617-cit-0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0412.2003.00047.x","article-title":"Microbial invasion and cytokine response in amniotic fluid in a Swedish population of women in preterm labor","volume":"82","author":"Jacobsson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0055|aji12617-cit-0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0412.2003.00157.x","article-title":"Microbial invasion and cytokine response in amniotic fluid in a Swedish population of women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes","volume":"82","author":"Jacobsson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0056|aji12617-cit-0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2005.003","article-title":"IL-8 concentrations in maternal serum, amniotic fluid and cord blood in relation to different pathogens within the amniotic cavity","volume":"33","author":"Witt","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0057|aji12617-cit-0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e43677","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043677","article-title":"Intra-amniotic inflammatory response in subgroups of women with preterm prelabor rupture of the membranes","volume":"7","author":"Cobo","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0058|aji12617-cit-0058","first-page":"5","article-title":"Clinical chorioamnionitis at term II: the intra-amniotic inflammatory response","volume":"44","author":"Romero","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0059|aji12617-cit-0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2008.00620.x","article-title":"CXCL6 (granulocyte chemotactic protein-2): a novel chemokine involved in the innate immune response of the amniotic cavity","volume":"60","author":"Mittal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0060|aji12617-cit-0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1996.tb00004.x","article-title":"GRO alpha in the fetomaternal and amniotic fluid compartments during pregnancy and parturition","volume":"35","author":"Cohen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0061|aji12617-cit-0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12189","article-title":"A novel molecular microbiologic technique for the rapid diagnosis of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity and intra-amniotic infection in preterm labor with intact membranes","volume":"71","author":"Romero","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0062|aji12617-cit-0062","first-page":"33","article-title":"Clinical chorioamnionitis at term VI: acute chorioamnionitis and funisitis according to the presence or absence of microorganisms and inflammation in the amniotic cavity","volume":"44","author":"Romero","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0063|aji12617-cit-0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719116678690","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps in the amniotic cavity of women with intra-amniotic infection: a new mechanism of host defense","author":"Gomez Lopez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0064|aji12617-cit-0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1092385","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps kill bacteria","volume":"303","author":"Brinkmann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0065|aji12617-cit-0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200606027","article-title":"Novel cell death program leads to neutrophil extracellular traps","volume":"176","author":"Fuchs","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0066|aji12617-cit-0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pe11","DOI":"10.1126\/stke.3792007pe11","article-title":"Unconventional roles of the NADPH oxidase: signaling, ion homeostasis, and cell death","volume":"2007","author":"Steinberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sci STKE"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0067|aji12617-cit-0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e111888","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0111888","article-title":"In vivo characterization of neutrophil extracellular traps in various organs of a murine sepsis model","volume":"9","author":"Tanaka","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0068|aji12617-cit-0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1710","article-title":"Beneficial suicide: why neutrophils die to make NETs","volume":"5","author":"Brinkmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0069|aji12617-cit-0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2784","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-04-457671","article-title":"NETosis: how vital is it?","volume":"122","author":"Yipp","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0070|aji12617-cit-0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI84538","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps - the dark side of neutrophils","volume":"126","author":"Sorensen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"Suppl A","key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0071|aji12617-cit-0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.09.003","article-title":"Placental pathology: a systematic approach with clinical correlations","volume":"29","author":"Redline","year":"2008","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0072|aji12617-cit-0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(91)90423-O","article-title":"Amniotic fluid white blood cell count: a rapid and simple test to diagnose microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity and predict preterm delivery","volume":"165","author":"Romero","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0073|aji12617-cit-0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(93)90009-8","article-title":"The diagnostic and prognostic value of amniotic fluid white blood cell count, glucose, interleukin-6, and gram stain in patients with preterm labor and intact membranes","volume":"169","author":"Romero","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0074|aji12617-cit-0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(93)90014-A","article-title":"A comparative study of the diagnostic performance of amniotic fluid glucose, white blood cell count, interleukin-6, and gram stain in the detection of microbial invasion in patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes","volume":"169","author":"Romero","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0075|aji12617-cit-0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1994.tb01115.x","article-title":"The value of amniotic fluid interleukin-6, white blood cell count, and gram stain in the diagnosis of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity in patients at term","volume":"32","author":"Gomez","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0076|aji12617-cit-0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(95)00380-0","article-title":"Maternal blood C-reactive protein, white blood cell count, and temperature in preterm labor: a comparison with amniotic fluid white blood cell count","volume":"87","author":"Yoon","year":"1996","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0077|aji12617-cit-0077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2016-0225","article-title":"Clinical chorioamnionitis at term VII: the amniotic fluid cellular immune response","author":"Martinez-Varea","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0078|aji12617-cit-0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(95)93704-4","article-title":"Interleukin-8 synthesis and the onset of labor","volume":"86","author":"Osmers","year":"1995","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0079|aji12617-cit-0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0897.2001.d01-11.x","article-title":"IL-1beta and IL-8 in human fetal membranes: changes with gestational age, labor, and culture conditions","volume":"46","author":"Elliott","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0080|aji12617-cit-0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod66.2.445","article-title":"Immunolocalization of proinflammatory cytokines in myometrium, cervix, and fetal membranes during human parturition at term","volume":"66","author":"Young","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0081|aji12617-cit-0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gag001","article-title":"Leukocyte density and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in human fetal membranes, decidua, cervix and myometrium before and during labour at term","volume":"9","author":"Osman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0082|aji12617-cit-0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12333","article-title":"Chemotactic activity of gestational tissues through late pregnancy, term labor, and RU486-induced preterm labor in Guinea pigs","volume":"73","author":"Gomez-Lopez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0083|aji12617-cit-0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)80015-4","article-title":"Fetal origin of amniotic fluid polymorphonuclear leukocytes","volume":"176","author":"Sampson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0084|aji12617-cit-0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1827.2004.01659.x","article-title":"Chorionic plate vessels as an origin of amniotic fluid neutrophils","volume":"54","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pathol Int"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0085|aji12617-cit-0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12296","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical significance of sterile intra-amniotic inflammation in patients with preterm labor and intact membranes","volume":"72","author":"Romero","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0086|aji12617-cit-0086","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2014.954243","article-title":"Sterile intra-amniotic inflammation in asymptomatic patients with a sonographic short cervix: prevalence and clinical significance","author":"Romero","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0087|aji12617-cit-0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2014.958463","article-title":"Sterile and microbial-associated intra-amniotic inflammation in preterm prelabor rupture of membranes","volume":"28","author":"Romero","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0088|aji12617-cit-0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2014-0249","article-title":"Clinical chorioamnionitis at term I: microbiology of the amniotic cavity using cultivation and molecular techniques","volume":"43","author":"Romero","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0089|aji12617-cit-0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2007.00579.x","article-title":"The grateful dead: damage-associated molecular pattern molecules and reduction\/oxidation regulate immunity","volume":"220","author":"Lotze","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0090|aji12617-cit-0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2005.06.002","article-title":"Alarmins: chemotactic activators of immune responses","volume":"17","author":"Oppenheim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0091|aji12617-cit-0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2873","article-title":"Sterile inflammation: sensing and reacting to damage","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0092|aji12617-cit-0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2016.71","article-title":"The role of neutrophils and NETosis in autoimmune and renal diseases","volume":"12","author":"Gupta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0093|aji12617-cit-0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1126\/science.285.5425.248","article-title":"HMG-1 as a late mediator of endotoxin lethality in mice","volume":"285","author":"Wang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0094|aji12617-cit-0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1594","article-title":"High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1): nuclear weapon in the immune arsenal","volume":"5","author":"Lotze","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0095|aji12617-cit-0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L342","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00151.2012","article-title":"HMGB1 promotes neutrophil extracellular trap formation through interactions with Toll-like receptor 4","volume":"304","author":"Tadie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0096|aji12617-cit-0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5396.2085","article-title":"Defective LPS signaling in C3H\/HeJ and C57BL\/10ScCr mice: mutations in Tlr4 gene","volume":"282","author":"Poltorak","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0097|aji12617-cit-0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2011.591460","article-title":"Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in preterm labor with intact membranes and preterm PROM: a study of the alarmin HMGB1","volume":"24","author":"Romero","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0098|aji12617-cit-0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2011.599083","article-title":"Clinical chorioamnionitis is characterized by changes in the expression of the alarmin HMGB1 and one of its receptors, sRAGE","volume":"25","author":"Romero","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0099|aji12617-cit-0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12443","article-title":"Intra-amniotic administration of HMGB1 induces spontaneous preterm labor and birth","volume":"75","author":"Gomez-Lopez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"10.1111\/aji.12617-BIB0100|aji12617-cit-0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.116.144139","article-title":"HMGB1 induces an inflammatory response in the chorioamniotic membranes that is partially mediated by the inflammasome","author":"Plazyo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Reproductive Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Faji.12617","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/wol1\/doi\/10.1111\/aji.12617\/fullpdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,3]],"date-time":"2021-07-03T08:40:10Z","timestamp":1625301610000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/aji.12617"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,3]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aji.12617","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1046-7408"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1046-7408","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,3]]}}}