{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T13:33:13Z","timestamp":1773667993263,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,8]],"date-time":"2017-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1486512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"Zika virus (ZIKV<\/jats:styled-content>) infection during pregnancy has been linked to severe birth defects, and the epidemiologic situation of the ZIKV<\/jats:styled-content> epidemic in Ecuador is poorly understood. Guayaquil, Ecuador, has a tropical climate and experiences frequent outbreaks of dengue and chikungunya virus, and in December 2015, ZIKV<\/jats:styled-content> was identified. Given the well\u2010documented effects of ZIKV<\/jats:styled-content> in pregnancy, including microcephaly, we tested for the presence of ZIKV<\/jats:styled-content> in both plasma and cervical cytology of pregnant women. We report the identification of a population of pregnant women with a high incidence of ZIKV<\/jats:styled-content> infection detected in the plasma and lower reproductive tract. A case\u2010control study was performed to determine the incidence of ZIKV<\/jats:styled-content> infection among low\u2010income, pregnant women at risk for preterm delivery compared to matched controls. Plasma and cervical cytology specimens were tested for ZIKV<\/jats:styled-content> by rRT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010PCR<\/jats:styled-content>. Fifty\u2010nine pregnant women were enrolled. The incidence of ZIKV<\/jats:styled-content> was 54% (32\/59) overall: 18\/31 (58.1%) in cases and 14\/28 (50.0%) in controls. ZIKV<\/jats:styled-content> detection in plasma and cervical cytology specimens demonstrated good agreement. Overall, outcomes for neonates born to ZIKV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive and ZIKV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010negative mothers were similar. However, two neonates were born with microcephaly to case mothers who were ZIKV<\/jats:styled-content> positive. We report a high incidence of ZIKV<\/jats:styled-content> infection (54%) in a distinctive population in Guayaquil, Ecuador. We identify ZIKV<\/jats:styled-content> in cervical samples that correlates with ZIKV<\/jats:styled-content> in the plasma. These data raise concerns regarding the breadth of the ZIKV<\/jats:styled-content> epidemic in Ecuador and demonstrate the utility of cervical cytology specimens for ZIKV<\/jats:styled-content> testing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,8]],"date-time":"2017-02-08T11:25:49Z","timestamp":1486553149000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["High incidence of Zika virus infection detected in plasma and cervical cytology specimens from pregnant women in Guayaquil, Ecuador"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Hector","family":"Zambrano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biolog\u00eda Molecular Hospital Luis Vernaza Guayaquil Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jesse","family":"Waggoner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karina","family":"Le\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Gineco\u2010Obstetricia Hospital Enrique C. Sotomayor Guayaquil Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Pinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ketty","family":"Vera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biolog\u00eda Molecular Hospital Luis Vernaza Guayaquil Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marissa","family":"Schettino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biolog\u00eda Molecular Hospital Luis Vernaza Guayaquil Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisette","family":"Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biolog\u00eda Molecular Hospital Luis Vernaza Guayaquil Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Landivar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biolog\u00eda Molecular Hospital Luis Vernaza Guayaquil Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Granda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela Superior Polit\u00e9cnica del Litoral ESPOL ESPAE Graduate School of Management Guayaquil Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geisel School of Medicine Dartmouth College Hanover NH USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5499-3912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gil","family":"Mor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive Sciences Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0323"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1601824"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr1604338"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30193-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2207.160326"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7210703"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30318-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001625"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12578"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2212.161280"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30193-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6528e2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12578"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Reproductive Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Faji.12630","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aji.12630","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T07:24:31Z","timestamp":1695540271000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/aji.12630"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/aji.12630"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aji.12630","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1046-7408","1600-0897"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1046-7408","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0897","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"article-number":"e12630"}}