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Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 (HAVCR<\/jats:styled-content>2) regulates inflammation in non\u2010gestational tissues in response to viral infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Method of study<\/jats:title>The aims of this study were to determine the effect of: (i) viral dsRNA<\/jats:styled-content> analogue polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) on HAVCR<\/jats:styled-content>2 expression; and (ii) HAVCR<\/jats:styled-content>2<\/jats:italic> silencing by siRNA<\/jats:styled-content> (siHAVCR<\/jats:styled-content>2) in primary amnion and myometrial cells on poly(I:C)\u2010induced inflammation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>In human foetal membranes and myometrium, HAVCR<\/jats:styled-content>2 <\/jats:italic>mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> and protein expression was decreased when exposed to poly(I:C). Treatment of primary amnion and myometrial cells with poly(I:C) significantly increased the expression and release of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines TNF<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>, IL<\/jats:styled-content>1A<\/jats:italic>, IL<\/jats:styled-content>1B<\/jats:italic> and IL<\/jats:styled-content>6<\/jats:italic>; the expression of chemokines CXCL<\/jats:styled-content>8<\/jats:italic> and CCL<\/jats:styled-content>2<\/jats:italic>; the expression and secretion of adhesion molecules ICAM<\/jats:styled-content>1<\/jats:italic> and VCAM<\/jats:styled-content>1<\/jats:italic>; and PTGS<\/jats:styled-content>2<\/jats:italic> and PTGFR<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> expression and the release of prostaglandin PGF<\/jats:styled-content>2\u03b1<\/jats:sub>. This increase was significantly augmented in cells transfected with siHAVCR<\/jats:styled-content>2. Furthermore, mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> expression of anti\u2010inflammatory cytokines IL<\/jats:styled-content>4<\/jats:italic> and IL<\/jats:styled-content>10<\/jats:italic> was significantly decreased.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Collectively, our data suggest that HAVCR<\/jats:styled-content>2 regulates cytokines, chemokines, prostaglandins and cell adhesion molecules in the presence of viral infection. This suggests a potential for HAVCR<\/jats:styled-content>2 activators as therapeutics for the management of preterm birth associated with viral infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12696","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,3]],"date-time":"2017-05-03T09:12:40Z","timestamp":1493802760000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 (HAVCR<\/scp>2) is decreased with viral infection and regulates pro\u2010labour mediators OA"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Stella","family":"Liong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Melbourne Melbourne Vic. Australia"},{"name":"Mercy Perinatal Research Centre Mercy Hospital for Women Heidelberg Vic. 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