{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T03:09:01Z","timestamp":1776308941354,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,21]],"date-time":"2017-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"Problem<\/jats:title>Immune tolerance with respect to a semi\u2010allogeneic fetus plays a key role in the establishment of a pregnancy. Memory T follicular helper (Tfh) cells have a central role in the regulation of the adaptive immune response. Much of our knowledge of memory Tfh cells\u2019 function comes from immune\u2010related diseases. However, the true physiological characteristics of memory Tfh cells and their mode of action in pregnancy remain unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods of study<\/jats:title>Deciduas and blood were obtained from 25 recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA<\/jats:styled-content>) patients undergoing surgical abortion and 19 normal women in early pregnancy undergoing elective termination. RSA<\/jats:styled-content> patients were grouped into antibody\u2010positive patients and antibody\u2010negative patients, respectively. The memory Tfh cells with the CD<\/jats:styled-content>4+<\/jats:sup>CXCR<\/jats:styled-content>5+<\/jats:sup>PD<\/jats:styled-content>1+<\/jats:sup>CCR<\/jats:styled-content>7\u2212<\/jats:sup> and CD<\/jats:styled-content>4+<\/jats:sup>CXCR<\/jats:styled-content>5+<\/jats:sup>PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101+<\/jats:sup>ICOS<\/jats:styled-content>+<\/jats:sup> phenotypes were assessed by flow cytometry. The B cells were evaluated by flow cytometry. A correlation analysis of the subsets of memory Tfh cells and B cells in antibody\u2010positive RSA<\/jats:styled-content> patients was made by the Pearson test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Memory Tfh cells with the CD<\/jats:styled-content>4+<\/jats:sup>CXCR<\/jats:styled-content>5+<\/jats:sup>PD<\/jats:styled-content>1+<\/jats:sup>CCR<\/jats:styled-content>7\u2212<\/jats:sup> and CD<\/jats:styled-content>4+<\/jats:sup>CXCR<\/jats:styled-content>5+<\/jats:sup>PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101+<\/jats:sup>ICOS<\/jats:styled-content>+<\/jats:sup> phenotypes showed a significant increase in RSA<\/jats:styled-content> patients compared to women with a normal pregnancy who had chosen termination. When RSA<\/jats:styled-content> patients were grouped according positive or negative antibodies, it was surprising to find that decidual CD<\/jats:styled-content>4+<\/jats:sup>CXCR<\/jats:styled-content>5+<\/jats:sup>PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101+<\/jats:sup>ICOS<\/jats:styled-content>+<\/jats:sup> memory Tfh cells significantly increased in RSA<\/jats:styled-content> patients with positive antibody compared to RSA<\/jats:styled-content> patients with negative antibody. However, the percentages of CD<\/jats:styled-content>4+<\/jats:sup>CXCR<\/jats:styled-content>5+<\/jats:sup>PD<\/jats:styled-content>1+<\/jats:sup>CCR<\/jats:styled-content>7\u2212<\/jats:sup> memory Tfh cells did not change in the deciduas of the two groups. Circulating and decidual B cells significantly increased in antibody\u2010positive RSA<\/jats:styled-content> patients compared with antibody\u2010negative RSA<\/jats:styled-content> patients. Correlation analysis indicated a strong association between the decidual CD<\/jats:styled-content>4+<\/jats:sup>CXCR<\/jats:styled-content>5+<\/jats:sup> PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101+<\/jats:sup> ICOS<\/jats:styled-content>+<\/jats:sup> memory Tfh cells and B cells in antibody\u2010positive RSA<\/jats:styled-content> patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>These new findings provide unique insights into memory Tfh cells in mediating feto\u2010maternal immune tolerance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,22]],"date-time":"2017-06-22T04:09:15Z","timestamp":1498104555000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["An investigation of the relationship between recurrent spontaneous abortion and memory T follicular helper 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