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Villitis of unknown etiology (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VUE<\/jats:styled-content>), an inflammatory condition of the placenta characterized by maternal T cell infiltrates in the villous stroma and dysregulation of inflammatory cytokines, is more frequent in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FGR<\/jats:styled-content> and stillbirth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method of study<\/jats:title><jats:p>A novel in vitro model of placental inflammation was developed to test the hypothesis that inflammatory cells seen in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VUE<\/jats:styled-content> and\/or cytokines impair placental function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Coculture of placental explants with maternal leukocytes resulted in increased leukocytes in villous tissue and elevated concentrations of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101Ra, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20106, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2264.05). Human chorionic gonadotrophin secretion was reduced following coculture with leukocytes (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2264.01) and cytokines (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2264.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These observations support the hypothesis that altered placental inflammation has deleterious effects on placental function. This model could be used to further understanding about the pathophysiology of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VUE<\/jats:styled-content> and to test potential therapies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12725","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,6]],"date-time":"2017-07-06T09:26:37Z","timestamp":1499333197000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A novel in vitro model of villitis of unknown etiology demonstrates altered placental hormone and cytokine profile"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"78","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9205-8231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hayley","family":"Derricott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal &amp; Fetal Health Research Centre Manchester Academic Health Science Centre University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander E.P.","family":"Heazell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal &amp; Fetal Health Research Centre Manchester Academic Health Science Centre University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan L.","family":"Greenwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal &amp; Fetal Health Research Centre Manchester Academic Health Science Centre University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca L.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal &amp; Fetal Health Research Centre Manchester Academic Health Science Centre University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62233-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"Helgad\u00f3ttirLB.2012.Intrauterine fetal death: classification and risk factors. 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