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Few studies have investigated how infection of epithelial cells compromises barrier integrity and antimicrobial response.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method of study<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECC<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 cells, a human uterine epithelial cell line, were treated with live and heat\u2010killed <jats:italic>C.\u00a0trachomatis<\/jats:italic>. Epithelial barrier integrity measured as transepithelial resistance (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TER<\/jats:styled-content>), chemokines antimicrobial levels, and antimicrobial <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> expression was measured by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELISA<\/jats:styled-content> and Real\u2010time <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Epithelial barrier integrity was compromised when cells were infected with live, but not with heat\u2010killed, <jats:italic>C.\u00a0trachomatis<\/jats:italic>. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20108 secretion by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECC<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 cells increased in response to live and heat\u2010killed <jats:italic>C.\u00a0trachomatis<\/jats:italic>, while <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBD<\/jats:styled-content>2 and trappin2\/elafin secretion decreased with live <jats:italic>C.\u00a0trachomatis<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Live <jats:italic>C.\u00a0trachomatis<\/jats:italic> suppresses <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECC<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 innate immune responses by compromising the barrier integrity, inhibiting secretion of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBD<\/jats:styled-content>2, and trappin\u20102\/elafin. Differential responses between live and heat\u2010killed <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic> indicate which immune responses are dependent on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECC<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 infection rather than the extracellular presence of <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12764","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,18]],"date-time":"2017-09-18T14:11:51Z","timestamp":1505743911000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["<i>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/i> regulates innate immune barrier integrity and mediates cytokine and antimicrobial responses in human uterine <scp>ECC<\/scp>\u20101 epithelial cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Lucy Rudo","family":"Mukura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth  Lebanon NH 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