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Microorganisms were identified in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AF<\/jats:styled-content> by our newly established <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> method using a eukaryote\u2010made thermostable <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> polymerase.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AF<\/jats:styled-content> \u201csludge\u201d was present in 18.1% (19\/105) of patients. The results obtained in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AF<\/jats:styled-content> \u201csludge\u201d group vs the no \u201csludge\u201d group were as follows: (i) a similar positive rate of microorganisms in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AF<\/jats:styled-content> by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>, 31.6% (6\/19) vs 38.4% (33\/86); (ii) a higher level of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AF<\/jats:styled-content> interleukin\u20108, 15.2 (0.2\u2010381.5) ng\/mL vs 5.8 (0.1\u2010413.7) ng\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content>;<jats:italic> P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.005); and (3) a higher frequency of histological chorioamnionitis, 52.6% (10\/19) vs 23.3% (20\/86); <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.010.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The presence of <jats:styled-content 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