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Nucleotide\u2010binding oligomerization domain\u2010like receptor pyrin domain\u2010containing\u20103 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NLRP<\/jats:styled-content>3) plays a role in inflammatory diseases. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of term labor on the expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NLRP<\/jats:styled-content>3 in human myometrium and the effect of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NLRP<\/jats:styled-content>3 silencing on pro\u2010labor mediators in myometrial cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method of study<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NLRP<\/jats:styled-content>3 expression was assessed in myometrium from non\u2010laboring and laboring women by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">qRT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> and Western blotting. Human primary myometrial cells were transfected with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NLRP<\/jats:styled-content>3 si<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> (si<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NLRP<\/jats:styled-content>3), treated with pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines and toll\u2010like receptor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>) ligands, and assayed for pro\u2010inflammatory mediators\u2019 expression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NLRP<\/jats:styled-content>3 expression was higher in myometrium after term spontaneous labor and by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> IL<\/jats:styled-content>1B, fsl\u20101, and flagellin. In si<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NLRP<\/jats:styled-content>3\u2010transfected cells, there was a significant decrease in the expression of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>1A, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>6), chemokines (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CXCL<\/jats:styled-content>8, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCL<\/jats:styled-content>2), and adhesion molecules (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICAM<\/jats:styled-content>1 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VCAM<\/jats:styled-content>1) stimulated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>1B, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>, or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content> ligands; decrease in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>1B\u2010stimulated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTGS<\/jats:styled-content>2 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTGFR mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> expression and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PGF<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2\u03b1<\/jats:sub> release; and increase in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010stimulated myometrial gel shrinkage as assessed by an in vitro cell contraction assay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NLRP<\/jats:styled-content>3 is increased with labor in myometrial, and knockdown of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NLRP<\/jats:styled-content>3 is associated with an attenuation of inflammation\u2010induced expression of pro\u2010inflammatory and pro\u2010labor mediators in human 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