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Immune populations at the maternal\u2010fetal interface are hypothesized to support fetomaternal tolerance, defend the fetus from infection, and contribute to labor initiation. Despite the many potential roles of placental immune cells in normal and abnormal pregnancy, little is known about placental immune population dynamics over gestation, particularly near parturition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method of study<\/jats:title><jats:p>A daily placental immune cell census was established in a murine model by flow cytometry from mid to late gestation and compared to the maternal systemic immune census. Shifts in the placental immune state were further characterized through cytokine <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELISA<\/jats:styled-content>s.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The placental immune census is distinct from the maternal systemic immune census, although the cells are primarily maternal in origin. Near term parturition, the placenta contains fewer <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>11c\u2010positive myeloid cells and regulatory T cells, and there is a concurrent decrease in placental <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20109 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201035.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The immune profile of the placenta demonstrates a decrease in both regulatory immune cell types and cytokines late in gestation. Establishing the placental immune population dynamics over a healthy pregnancy will allow future investigation of placental immune cells during abnormal pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12848","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]],"date-time":"2018-03-26T01:22:44Z","timestamp":1522027364000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Placental immune state shifts with gestational age"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"79","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2572-1002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma L.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Maternal and Child Health Research Center University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia PA USA"},{"name":"Institute for Immunology Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia PA 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