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In previous models of preeclampsia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PE<\/jats:styled-content>), defective immune function caused by disruption of lymphangiogenesis was shown to be involved in the disease pathophysiology. Especially, the dysfunction of regulatory T cells (Treg) at the maternal\u2010fetal interface may be one of the causes of severe <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PE<\/jats:styled-content>. In particular, activation of Tregs to obtain immune tolerance requires adequate antigen presentation through the lymphatic system. We hypothesized that impaired lymphangiogenesis and imbalanced Tregs at the maternal\u2010fetal interface are associated with the pathophysiology of severe <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PE<\/jats:styled-content>. However, the current research addressing this hypothesis is limited. Therefore, to compare differences in lymphangiogenesis in severe <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PE<\/jats:styled-content> and normal conditions, we aimed to examine the location of lymphatics at the maternal\u2010fetal interface and to investigate the association between lymphangiogenesis and Tregs in severe <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PE<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method of Study<\/jats:title><jats:p>We obtained entire uterus from normal pregnant mice. Placental and fetal membranes, including decidua, were obtained from 10 pregnant women with severe <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PE<\/jats:styled-content> and 10 gestational age\u2010matched controls. Immunohistochemistry for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LYVE<\/jats:styled-content>1 was used to localize the distribution of lymphatic vessels and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>25, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FOXP<\/jats:styled-content>3 for Treg.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LYVE<\/jats:styled-content>1\u2010positive vessels were present in the uterine wall of mice. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LYVE<\/jats:styled-content>1\u2010positive lymphatic vessels were localized on the human decidua. Tubular lymphatics were abundant in the control decidua, but significantly reduced in severe <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PE<\/jats:styled-content>. Furthermore, lymphatic vessel density correlated with the number of decidual Tregs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Abnormal decidual lymphangiogenesis is associated with reduced numbers of decidual Tregs in severe <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PE<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12970","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,14]],"date-time":"2018-05-14T09:33:01Z","timestamp":1526290381000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Abnormal lymphatic vessel development is associated with decreased decidual regulatory T cells in severe preeclampsia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Yun Ji","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Institute of Women's Life Medical Science Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei 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