{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T02:16:52Z","timestamp":1772849812104,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,14]],"date-time":"2018-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1526256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Problem<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infection\u2010induced endometritis is associated with infertility. The outcome with oral antibiotics remains poor. This study therefore investigates the role of ascorbic acid in resolving endometritis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method of Study<\/jats:title><jats:p>Animals with established oestrus cycles were inoculated with<jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>. Two days post\u2010inoculation, the animals were administered ascorbic acid (10, 100 and 1000\u00a0mg\/kg) and amoxicillin (500\u00a0mg\/kg) for 5\u00a0days. Other groups included water only and<jats:italic>E.\u00a0coli<\/jats:italic>inoculated with no treatment. Body temperatures, weights and vaginal cytology were examined. On the sixth day, after anaesthesia, blood samples were obtained for haematological analysis. Uterine organs were weighed, ex\u2010vivo functionality analysed and histopathological analysis performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ascorbic acid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AA<\/jats:styled-content>) (100 and 1000\u00a0mg\/kg) regularized the cycle of the endometritic animals comparable to amoxicillin.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AA<\/jats:styled-content>(1000\u00a0mg\/kg) and amoxicillin, significantly decreased (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05) the endometritis\u2010induced increase in uterine weights, restored the endometrial architecture and significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05) normalized uterine contractions to control values. Improved haematological profiles were additionally observed on treatment with ascorbic acid (100 and 1000\u00a0mg\/kg).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AA<\/jats:styled-content>compared favourably with amoxicillin in endometritis management, suggesting that<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AA<\/jats:styled-content>can be used in the management of infection\u2010induced endometritis, normal cycling and normal uterine function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,14]],"date-time":"2018-05-14T09:34:26Z","timestamp":1526290466000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Amelioration of<i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\u2010induced endometritis with ascorbic acid in non\u2010pregnant mouse models"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5213-3177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enitome Evi","family":"Bafor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology &amp; Toxicology University of Benin Benin City Edo State Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ikechukwu","family":"Onwukpa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology &amp; Toxicology University of Benin Benin City Edo State Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne Oghenekevwe","family":"Itemire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Faculty of Pharmacy University of Benin Benin City Edo State Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Osemelomen","family":"Omoruyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology &amp; Toxicology University of Benin Benin City Edo State Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ejiroghene","family":"Eferoba\u2010Idio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology &amp; Toxicology University of Benin Benin City Edo State Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Odega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy University of Benin Teaching Hospital Benin City Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Osas Jim","family":"Eghianruwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy School of Basic Medical Sciences University of Benin Benin City Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199002000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)43448-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12438"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12782"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(00)00410-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.12.131"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.03.074"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31825a6bc9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des076"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.12.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.28822"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2008.09.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Vitamins D, C, and E in the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus: modulation of inflammation and oxidative stress","volume":"5","author":"Garcia\u2010Bailo B","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biologics"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/62.6.1315S"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"118","volume-title":"Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals","author":"National Research Council","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","unstructured":"NIH.Public health service policy on humane care and use of laboratory animals;2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","first-page":"171","article-title":"Evaluating a murine model of endometritis using uterine isolates of Escherichia coli from postpartum buffalo","volume":"17","author":"Dar SH","year":"2016","journal-title":"Iran J Vet Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471142301.nsa04is48"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2010.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","first-page":"275","article-title":"A rapid method for the estimation of urea in biologic fluids","volume":"21","author":"Natelson S","year":"1951","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2008.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","first-page":"369","article-title":"Gonadal steroids and immunity","volume":"17","author":"Olsen NJ","year":"1996","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12330"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/1858"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2003.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","first-page":"940","article-title":"Effects of hypothermia on mortality and inflammatory responses to endotoxin\u2010induced shock in rats","volume":"10","author":"Taniguchi T","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00024382-200206000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.2000.00689.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4067\/S0717-95022015000100031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5862.369"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.130344ts"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2005.029702"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.13-237040"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.102.011403"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","first-page":"41","volume-title":"Advances in Prostaglandin and Leukotriene Research","author":"Herschman H","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gar078"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7180\/kmj.2015.30.1.41"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M004392200"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1515\/med-2017-0030","article-title":"Causal neuro\u2010immune relationships at patients with chronic pyelonephritis and cholecystitis. Correlations between parameters EEG, HRV and white blood cell count","volume":"12","author":"Kul'chyns'kyi AB","year":"2017","journal-title":"Open Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","first-page":"16","article-title":"Serum white blood cell count (WBC) and plasma C reactive protein (CRP) values could be markers for acute pelvic inflammatory disease","volume":"2","author":"Ugaki H","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Lang Teach Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofw172.948"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138955712798868986"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-0325-1_11"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","first-page":"75","volume-title":"Nutrient Modulation of the Immune Response","author":"Muggli R","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","first-page":"363","article-title":"Vitamin C\u2010 a modulator of host cell defenses","volume":"27","author":"Schmidt K","year":"1985","journal-title":"Int J Vitam Nutr Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","first-page":"663","article-title":"Ascorbic acid and cancer: a review","volume":"39","author":"Cameron E","year":"1979","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","first-page":"313","article-title":"Enhancement of antibody production and protection against systemic anaphylaxis by large doses of vitamin C","volume":"38","author":"Feigen GA","year":"1982","journal-title":"Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/54.6.1228s"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2015.09.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","first-page":"109","article-title":"Effect of acute treatment of vitamin C on redox and antioxidative metabolism in plasma and red blood cell","volume":"32","author":"Markovic SD","year":"2010","journal-title":"Kragujev J Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.59566\/IJBS.2006.2295","article-title":"Oxidative hemolysis of erythrocytes induced by various vitamins","volume":"2","author":"Ibrahim IH","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Biomed Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-134-34717"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)35213-9","article-title":"Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia in mice: optimal amoxicillin dosing predicted from a pharmacokinetic\u2010pharmacodynamic model","volume":"291","author":"Moine P","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Reproductive Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Faji.12976","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aji.12976","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T13:46:40Z","timestamp":1751636800000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/aji.12976"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,14]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/aji.12976"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aji.12976","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1046-7408","1600-0897"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1046-7408","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0897","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-03-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-04-16","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-05-14","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e12976"}}