{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T04:56:24Z","timestamp":1768712184058,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,14]],"date-time":"2018-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1534204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HD048669"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD048669"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Problem<\/jats:title><jats:p>A handful of studies report sexual dimorphism in the maternal angiogenic profile possibly influencing placental development and preeclampsia risk. This secondary analysis explored associations between fetal sex and soluble fms\u2010like tyrosine kinase\u20101 (sFLT) and endoglin (9\u201035\u00a0weeks gestation) using data from a nested case\u2010control study within the Danish National Birth Cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method of study<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 448 preeclamptic women and 328 normotensive women had data on sFLT and endoglin. Preeclampsia was defined by blood pressure \u2265140\/90\u00a0mm\u00a0Hg and proteinuria (\u22650.3g or 300\u00a0mg\/24\u00a0h.). Generalized linear models adjusting for gestational age of blood draw, body mass index, maternal age, and smoking determined associations between fetal sex and log\u2010transformed biomarkers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Male fetal sex is associated with 11% lower sFLT levels (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.11, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.03) in preeclamptic women. There were no differences observed in normotensive women. We found no statistically significant differences in endoglin by fetal sex among groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results are similar with other studies suggesting that women with female fetuses have increased sFLT levels. However, significant difference was only among women with preeclampsia. This study was exploratory and longitudinal investigations across pregnancy are required to understand the relationship between fetal sex and systemic maternal angiogenic biomarkers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,14]],"date-time":"2018-08-14T11:40:07Z","timestamp":1534246807000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Fetal sexual dimorphism in systemic soluble fms\u2010like tyrosine kinase 1 among normotensive and preeclamptic women"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8234-1815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brandie D.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Texas A&amp;M University  College Station Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine L.","family":"Haggerty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Graduate School of Public Health University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberta B.","family":"Ness","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas School of Public Health  Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Hougaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Centre for Neonatal Screening Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Immunology and Genetics Statens Serum Institut  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Skogstrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Centre for Neonatal Screening Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Immunology and Genetics Statens Serum Institut  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James M.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Graduate School of Public Health University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Magee\u2010Womens Research Institute University of Pittsburgh Medical Center  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania"},{"name":"University of Pittsburgh Clinical and Translational Research  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00f8rn","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2011.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39335.385301.BE"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2003.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158807"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"632","article-title":"Fetal sex\u2010specific differences in gestational age at delivery in pre\u2010eclampsia: a meta\u2010analysis","volume":"46","author":"Global Pregnancy C","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2016.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719114537713"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.02664"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.00250"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OGX.0b013e3182331028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12303"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2012.733751"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.110.085167"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2010.00831.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2010.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2009.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0508035103"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.06421"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.01168"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.22.10705"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000159936.38601.22"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preghy.2012.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preghy.2012.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14034948010290040201"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwm139"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.191213"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.762"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2004.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200303-374OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13519"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Reproductive Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Faji.13034","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aji.13034","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,16]],"date-time":"2023-09-16T00:02:51Z","timestamp":1694822571000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/aji.13034"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,14]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/aji.13034"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aji.13034","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1046-7408","1600-0897"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1046-7408","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0897","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-05-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-07-19","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-08-14","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13034"}}