{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T16:06:52Z","timestamp":1772122012183,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,28]],"date-time":"2018-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001782","name":"University of Melbourne","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001782","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"Problem<\/jats:title>Metallothioneins (MT<\/jats:styled-content>s) play important roles in regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and hormone signaling. These processes play a major role in labor at term and preterm. The aims of this study were to characterize (a) temporal\u2010 and labor\u2010associated changes and (b) the effect of pro\u2010inflammatory and pro\u2010labor insults on the expression of MT<\/jats:styled-content>1 isoforms, MT<\/jats:styled-content>2A, MT<\/jats:styled-content>3, and MT<\/jats:styled-content>4 in fetal membranes and myometrium.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Method of Study<\/jats:title>The expression of MT<\/jats:styled-content>s was assessed in fetal membranes and myometrium from nonlaboring and laboring women at preterm and term by RT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010qPCR<\/jats:styled-content>. Tissue explants were used to assess the effect of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines and Toll\u2010like receptor (TLR<\/jats:styled-content>) ligands on the expression of MT<\/jats:styled-content>s in fetal membranes and myometrium.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>In fetal membranes, the expression of MT<\/jats:styled-content>1A, MT<\/jats:styled-content>1E, MT<\/jats:styled-content>1F, MT<\/jats:styled-content>1X, and MT<\/jats:styled-content>2A was higher at term compared with preterm. Preterm labor and preterm histological chorioamnionitis were associated with increased expression of MT<\/jats:styled-content>1A, MT<\/jats:styled-content>1G, MT<\/jats:styled-content>1M, MT<\/jats:styled-content>1X, MT<\/jats:styled-content>2A, and MT<\/jats:styled-content>3. Term labor was associated with increased expression of MT<\/jats:styled-content>1A, MT<\/jats:styled-content>1F, MT<\/jats:styled-content>1X, MT<\/jats:styled-content>2A, and MT<\/jats:styled-content>3 in fetal membranes and expression of MT<\/jats:styled-content>1A, MT<\/jats:styled-content>1E, MT<\/jats:styled-content>1F, MT<\/jats:styled-content>1G, MT<\/jats:styled-content>1M, MT<\/jats:styled-content>1X, MT<\/jats:styled-content>2A, and MT<\/jats:styled-content>3 in myometrium. Pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines and TLR<\/jats:styled-content> ligands increased the expression of MT<\/jats:styled-content>1A, MT<\/jats:styled-content>1E, MT<\/jats:styled-content>1F, MT<\/jats:styled-content>1G, MT<\/jats:styled-content>1H, MT<\/jats:styled-content>1X, and MT<\/jats:styled-content>2A in fetal membranes and myometrium.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Temporal\u2010, labor\u2010, and infection\u2010associated increases in MT<\/jats:styled-content>1 isoforms, MT<\/jats:styled-content>2A, and MT<\/jats:styled-content>3 have been observed in fetal membranes and\/or myometrium. Furthermore, pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines and bacterial and viral products increased the expression of MT<\/jats:styled-content>1 isoforms, MT<\/jats:styled-content>2A, MT<\/jats:styled-content>3, and MT<\/jats:styled-content>4 mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> expression in fetal membranes and myometrium.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,30]],"date-time":"2018-08-30T06:26:29Z","timestamp":1535610389000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Expression and regulation of metallothioneins in myometrium and fetal membranes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4744-6929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martha","family":"Lappas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Melbourne 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