{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T09:15:56Z","timestamp":1770974156201,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,31]],"date-time":"2018-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535673600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"Problem<\/jats:title>Pre\u2010eclampsia (PE<\/jats:styled-content>) is a leading cause of maternal and foetal morbidity worldwide. Given the implication of immune mechanisms, we compared markers of humoral immunity in PE<\/jats:styled-content> and their relationship to circulating markers of inflammation, angiogenic factors, and renal function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Method of study<\/jats:title>Serum samples from 88 previously healthy women admitted to hospital with PE<\/jats:styled-content> and 107 healthy pregnant controls at term were analysed for serum immunoglobulins (Ig), including IgG subclasses and free light chain (sFLC<\/jats:styled-content>) levels, beta\u20102 microglobulin (B2\u2010M), high\u2010sensitivity C\u2010reactive protein (HS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010CRP<\/jats:styled-content>), albumin, complement proteins (C3 & C4), creatinine, cystatin\u2010C and the ratio of soluble fms\u2010like tyrosine kinase\u20101 (sFLT<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101) and placental growth factor (PlGF<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Compared to the controls, women with PE<\/jats:styled-content> had significantly reduced renal function, serum IgG (subclass 1 & 3), albumin, and C4 levels, whilst concentrations of total sFLC<\/jats:styled-content>, HS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010CRP<\/jats:styled-content>, B2\u2010M, and sFLT<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101:PlGF<\/jats:styled-content> were raised. On multivariable analysis, sFLT<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101:PlGF<\/jats:styled-content> ratio (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.001), sFLC<\/jats:styled-content> (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.001) and IgG1 (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.024) were found to be independently associated with PE<\/jats:styled-content>, after accounting for renal function, patient age, BMI<\/jats:styled-content>, ethnicity, and parity. B2\u2010M and sFLT<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101:PlGF<\/jats:styled-content> had comparable diagnostic association with PE<\/jats:styled-content> (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.184), and correlated strongly with each other (\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.588, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.001) as well as with renal function and adverse clinical outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>We describe for the first time that PE<\/jats:styled-content> is independently associated with activation of the humoral immune system independent of deranged kidney function and angiogenic markers. The role of B2\u2010M as a potential predictive marker of PE<\/jats:styled-content> remains to be determined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,31]],"date-time":"2018-08-31T07:41:23Z","timestamp":1535701283000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Humoral immunity in late\u2010onset Pre\u2010eclampsia and linkage with angiogenic and inflammatory markers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8707-8908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadia","family":"Sarween","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Renal Medicine University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust Birmingham UK"},{"name":"Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy College of Medical and Dental Sciences University of Birmingham Birmingham 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