{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T16:29:55Z","timestamp":1764174595242,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,28]],"date-time":"2018-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Center, Poland","award":["2015\/17\/B\/NZ9\/03596"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015\/17\/B\/NZ9\/03596"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Problem<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cytokines, mediators of the immune response, are involved in the regulation of female reproductive processes during the estrous cycle and pregnancy. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of selected peroxisome proliferator\u2010activated receptor gamma (PPAR\u03b3) ligands on the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF\u2010\u03baB) and selected cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)\u20101\u03b2, \u20104, \u20106, \u20108, \u201010, and the leukemia inhibitory factor, in the porcine endometrium on days 10\u201012 and 14\u201016 of the estrous cycle (mid\u2010 and late luteal phase, respectively) or pregnancy (maternal recognition of pregnancy and beginning of implantation, respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method of study<\/jats:title><jats:p>Endometrial slices were incubated in vitro in the presence of PPAR\u03b3 agonists, 15\u2010deoxy\u2010\u039412, 14\u2010prostaglandin J<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> or rosiglitazone, and PPAR\u03b3 antagonist T0070907. mRNA and protein levels in tissues were determined by real\u2010time PCR and Western blot.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>On days 10\u201012 of the estrous cycle and days 14\u201016 of pregnancy, PPAR\u03b3 ligands enhanced the expression of NF\u2010\u03baB, mRNA cytokines, and\/or proteins. During the late luteal phase of the estrous cycle (days 14\u201016) and maternal recognition of pregnancy (days 10\u201012), PPAR\u03b3 ligands inhibited the expression of NF\u2010\u03baB, and they differentially affected the expression of mRNA and proteins of cytokines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results indicate that PPAR\u03b3 is engaged in the endometrial synthesis of NF\u2010\u03baB and selected cytokines in pigs. The influence of PPAR\u03b3 ligands on the tested components of the immune system varied subject to the physiological status of females, and it could be associated with differences in endometrial receptivity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,28]],"date-time":"2018-09-28T23:19:22Z","timestamp":1538176762000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Peroxisome proliferator\u2010activated receptor gamma ligands affect NF\u2010kB and cytokine synthesis in the porcine endometrium\u2014An in vitro study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Zuzanna","family":"Kunicka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn Olsztyn 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